Although aging well socially (engagement with life) is as important as aging well personally (illness avoidance and functioning) (Rowe & Kahn, 1998), it has received less research attention. A caring (CE) and a productive (PE) form of engagement were derived from an analysis of Chinese cultural meanings of engagement, and combined with illness avoidance and functioning to form a 4-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis based on 2970 Hong Kong Chinese (40 to 74 years) showed a good model fit that was replicated a year later with 2120 of the original sample. Further analysis led to a more parsimonious model where illness avoidance and functioning converged into a single second-order factor whereas CE and PE remained as distinct first-order factors. The results supported the differentiation of Rowe and Kahn's engagement with life component into caring and productive engagements.

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Because high stakes are now attached to standardized assessments of student progress, policy makers, administrators, practitioners, and parents must understand how to most effectively and accurately measure the performance of all students, including students with learning disabilities (LD). To accomplish this, test accommodations are provided on an individual basis that are intended to mediate the impact of a student's disability. The purpose of this article was to examine policy and guidelines related to accommodations among states and to review research related to the effectiveness of accommodations for students with LD. Findings showed that there continues to be large variability among states regarding allowed testing accommodations and that although there has been an increase in research conducted related to the effectiveness of accommodations for students with LD in the past decade, empirical evidence remains sparse and findings are often inconclusive. Implications are discussed.

The Objective of this study is to examine the knowledge, use, and development of a healthy lifestyle, and the association with positive ageing, in a convenient sample of 2,970 community-living Hong Kong Chinese People aged 40-74 years stratified by age. A questionnaire containing items from these three domains (avoidance of disease, physical and cognitive functioning, engagement with life) was administered from which a positive ageing index was calculated. A lifestyle score was calculated from information regarding current knowledge, use, and development of a healthy lifestyle (relating to diet, exercise rest and relaxation, smoking habit and alcohol use). The association between lifestyle score and the positive ageing index was weaker compared with income and education level. We conclude that knowledge, use and development of a healthy lifestyle did not contribute greatly to the positive ageing process.

Although evidence was somewhat mixed, the study supported the view that D is a potentially valid measure of lexical diversity among low-income, predominantly African American kindergartners and could be a useful supplement to standardized vocabulary measures.