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3 Under PIL, a right of withdrawal may exist either because the parties to a treaty mutually agree that withdrawal is permissible, whether at the time of the treaty's drafting or ex post (see Art. 54 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, UN Treaty Series, vol. 1155, 331) or because it is possible to read a right of withdrawal into a treaty, whether by interpreting the parties' intentions or because such a right would be consistent with the nature of the treaty itself (ibid Art. 56). 4 Under PIL, unilateral withdrawal is possible under the rebus sic standibus ('fundamental change of circumstances') clause of Art.

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The Constitution of Cyprus (1960) is described in the report as unique and as a hybrid model. On the one hand, it has been seen as one of the world's most rigid and detailed constitutions; on the other hand, some parts are governed by the doctrine of necessity, given the division of the country. Special features include a strong protection of social rights and of the right to property; the protection granted to these and some other rights goes beyond the protection afforded by the ECHR. Cyprus has a mixed model of constitutional review. Fundamental rights based review is strong, with provisions interpreted in favour of the individual in cases of doubt. Resorting to constitutional amendments has become a tool for addressing issues related with the idiosyncrasies of the Cypriot Constitution. The use of this approach has become more frequent in the last two decades, whereas there had been a persistent refusal to amend the Constitution in the previous years. With regard to EU law, the Constitution has been amended to remove conflicts, including by virtue of Art. 1A, modelled loosely on the blanket EU clause of the Irish Constitution. At times, the amendments have even proved to be excessive, e.g. as regards an amendment pertaining to the EU Data Retention Directive that was subsequently annulled. The Constitution has also been amended to remove barriers to the European Arrest Warrant, alas in an incomplete way, at least initially; in parallel,

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