The Education Reform Act 1988 brought about a number of radical changes in the structure and funding of UK higher education institutions particularly within the “new university” and college sector. As a result, they now operate within a much greater competitive context and need therefore to incorporate a greater market orientation into their strategic planning process in order to acquire a competitive advantage over their rivals. Reports on exploratory research undertaken to assess the degree to which these higher education institutions are aware of the complexity of the student′s role and whether this complexity is considered in the development of an institutions mission statement. Assesses the degree to which institutions display an awareness of the various types of customer that need to be taken into consideration when formulating their strategic plans.

Refinement of a perfusion technique permitted the simultaneous measurement of cAMP-elicited [3 H]cAMP secretion and intracellular [3 H]cAMP levels in sensitive D. discoideum amoebae. These data were compared with measurements of the rate of [32p] CAMP synthesis by extracts of amoebae sonicated at different times during the CAMP signaling response . CAMP stimulation of intact cells led to a transient activation of adenylate cyclase, which was blocked if 10 -' M NaN3 was added with the stimulus . During responses elicited by 10 -6 M CAMP, 10 -8 M CAMP, and an increment in CAMP from 10 -e M to 10 -7 M, the rate of CAMP secretion was proportional to the intracellular CAMP concentration. Removal of a 10 -6 M CAMP stimulus 2 min after the initiation of the response led to a precipitous decline in intracellular CAMP . This decline was more rapid than could be accounted for by secretion alone, suggesting intracellular phosphodiesterase destruction of newly synthesized CAMP . Employing these data and a simple rate equation, estimates of the time-course of the transient activation of adenylate cyclase and the rate constants for CAMP secretion and intracellular phosphodiesterase activity were obtained . The calculated rate of CAMP synthesis rose for^-1 to 2 min, peaked, and declined to approach prestimulus levels after 3 to 4 min. This time-course agreed qualitatively with direct measurements of the time-course of activation, indicating that the activation of adenylate cyclase is a major element in determining the time-course of the CAMP secretion response .Dictyostelium discoideum grows as free-living amoebae, feeding upon bacteria until the food supply is exhausted or removed. The amoebae then aggregate to assemble multicellular structures, each containing -105 cells. Through a process of morphogenesis and differentiation, fruiting bodies are formed, consisting of a ball of spores held aloft on a slender cellular stalk. Aggregation is guided by chemotaxis toward cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signals. Because amoebae also respond to cAMP signals by secreting additional cAMP, the signal is relayed from cell to cell over long distances (up to 10 mm). Waves of cAMP, which emanate from centers with a regular periodicity of 5-10 min, can be visualized in monolayers of aggregating amoebae.' After the passage of each wave, extracellular cAMP is destroyed by membrane-bound and secreted phosphodiesterases . The result of these processes is the orderly assembly of a multicellular form (1, 6,15, 17).Our goal is to understand the mechanism of cAMP signaling.' Tomchik, K. J., and P. N . Devreotes. Manuscript in preparation.THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY " VOLUME 86 AUGUST 1980 537-544 © The Rockefeller University Press -0021-9525/80/08/0537/08 $1 .00This process apparently involves the sequential binding of the signal molecule to the cell surface receptors for cAMP, transduction of the event to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, activation of adenylate cyclase, accumulation of intracellular cAMP, and, finally...

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Discusses the options available to financial service companies to accomplish product removal or elimination. Reports the findings of a two year study into the practices and processes of financial service sector product elimination activity. Outlines why product elimination is relevant to product management and indicates the extent to which previously reported elimination theory can embrace service sector‐specific elimination issues. Presents the withdrawal options for the financial services sector and discusses their usage. Finally, gives the implications that these strategies have for current product management theory.