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It is critical to gain an understanding of the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic and the associated lockdown restrictions on the psychological, social and behavioural functioning of the general public, in order to inform public health promotion and future health service resource allocation. This cross-sectional study, completed during week 1 of lockdown in India, reports on data from 234 participants using an online survey. Data regarding health anxiety, coping mechanisms and locus of control was collected. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the relationship between locus of control, coping mechanisms, health anxiety and age. Age related differences in both locus of control and coping strategies were found. Younger people experienced more health-related anxiety and were more likely to engage with social media as a coping mechanism. Mindfulness-based strategies may reduce health anxiety by increasing tolerance of uncertainty experienced during the COVID 19 pandemic.

Due to the complexity of optimum replacement problems over finite lime horizons various asymptotic criteria based upon fixed age replacement policies have been employed in the literature and in practice. In this paper the relationships between the optimum policies under three alternative cost criteria are considered. An ordering of the accounting costs under two of these is obtained, and for distributions with Increasing Hazard Rate an ordering of the optimum replacement time is derived. For a finite time horizon the policies are compared to the optimal sequential and fixed-age replacement polices through the example of a gamma distribution previously investigated by Barlow and Proschan (Barlow, R. E., F. Proschan. 1962. Planned replacement. K. J. Arrow, S. Karlin, W. L. Smith, eds. Studies in Applied Probability and Management Science. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Cal.; Barlow, R. E., F. Proschan. 1965. Mathematical Theory of Reliability. Wiley, New York.).reliability, replacement, optimization