a convenient and useful tool for researchers examining smoking topography. IntroductionDetailed examination of smoking behavior has been of interest for decades (e.g., Djordjevic, Hoffman, & Hoffman, 1997 ;Donny, Houtsmuller, & Stitzer, 2007 ;Epstein et al., 1982 ;Robinson & Forbes, 1975). It involves quantitative measurement of puff topography: number of puffs/cigarette, puff duration (milliseconds), puff volume (milliliters), and interpuff interval (IPI; time between successive puffs, in seconds). The ability to measure topography has allowed researchers to understand many factors that maintain regular tobacco use. For example, puff topography has been used to explain why low-yield cigarettes failed to reduce smoking-related harm; smokers take more, bigger, and/ or longer puffs when they switch from full-fl avor to low-yield brands (e.g., Herning, Jones, Bachman, & Mines, 1981 ). Topography measurement also has demonstrated the effects of cigarette abstinence. Following a period of cigarette deprivation, smokers may increase the number of cigarettes smoked or the number of puffs taken per cigarette, or they may take larger puffs (e.g., Zacny & Stitzer, 1985 ). Consequently, this research tool has facilitated the understanding of novel tobacco products and periods of smoking cessation.Given the utility of puff topography measurement, various methods have been tested in an attempt to maximize the reliability and validity of this tool. Early studies relied on observational methods such as trained observers ( Lichtenstein & Antonuccio, 1981 ) and video cameras ( Frederiksen, Miller, & Peterson, 1977 ). Eventually, research efforts turned to specialized devices: pneumotachographs ( Adams, Lee, Rawbone, & Guz, 1983 ), pocket calculators ( Henningfi eld, Yingling, Griffi ths, & Abstract Introduction : Understanding factors that infl uence tobacco use often involves detailed assessment of smoking behavior (i.e., puff topography) via mouthpiece-based, computerized devices. Research suggests that the use of a mouthpiece to evaluate topography may alter natural smoking behavior. This study was designed to compare topography measurement using mouthpiece-based methods (i.e., desktop and portable computerized devices) to methods that do not use a mouthpiece (i.e., direct observation). Methods :A total of 30 smokers ( ≥ 15 full-fl avor or light cigarettes/day) participated in six Latin square -ordered, 2.5-hr experimental sessions that were preceded by at least 8 hr of objectively verifi ed tobacco abstinence (carbon monoxide level ≤ 10 ppm). Each session consisted of participants smoking four cigarettes (own brand or Merit ultra-light) ad libitum , conventionally or using a desktop or portable device. Sessions were v ideotaped using a digital camcorder.Results : All three measurement methods were sensitive to oftreported brand-and bout-induced changes. Topography measurement differed little between methods (across methods, all r values > .68), and each method was reliable (across bouts within each condition, most r values >...

No abstract

A man with virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus had an atypical presentation of monkeypox; he presented with an erythematous, morbilliform rash without pustules in the setting of fever after recent travel.