The use of a separation step, such as liquid chromatography, prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has become a common tool for highly selective and sensitive analyses. This type of coupling has several benefits including the ability to perform speciation analysis or to remove isobaric interferences. Several limitations of conventional instruments result from the necessity to scan or pulse the mass spectrometer to obtain a complete mass spectrum. When the instrument is operated in such a non-continuous manner, duty cycle is reduced, resulting in poorer absolute limits of detection. Additionally, with scanning instruments, spectral skew can be introduced into the measurement, limiting quantitation accuracy. To address these shortcomings, a high-performance liquid chromatograph has been coupled to an ICP-MS capable of continuous sample introduction and simultaneous multimass detection. These features have been realized with a novel detector array, the focal plane camera. Instrument performance has been tested for both speciation analysis and for the elimination of isobaric interferences. Absolute limits of detection in the sub picogram to tens of picograms regime are obtainable, while the added mass dimension introduced by simultaneous detection dramatically increases chromatographic peak capacity.

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE 01-12-2006 REPORT TYPE PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER ATK Mission ResearchLaguna Hills, CA 92653-1327 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESOriginal contains colored plates: ALL DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. ABSTRACTATKMissionResearchwassponsoredbyDARPA'sVirtualSoldierprogramtoanalyticallysimulateresidualwoundtractsandtissuedyna micsassociatedwithasurvivablewoundfromanexplosivelydrivenfragmentpenetratingtheleftventricularwallofthehumanheart. LIST OF FIGURESFIGURE 1. Models for three fragment categories………………………………………… 9 FIGURE 2. 30 Caliber "Wedge Projectile" used in Task 3 Ballistic Experiments………. 10 FIGURE 3. Penetration Depth and Retardation forces vs. Velocity……………………… 11 FIGURE 4. Correlation between analytical predictions and ballistic test data for three different diameter spheres shot into 20% ordnance gelatin …………. 14 FIGURE 5. Schematic of Loading on a Flat Fragment …………………………………… 15 FIGURE 6. Schematic and Loading on a Cut Cylinder …………………………………… 15 The Mission Research effort consisted of three related tasks. In the first task entitled Analytical Simulation of Projectile Trajectory, Mission Research divided up fragments into three geometric categories -platelet, "chunky" fragment, and slender high aspect ratio projectile -with different governing parameters. For each fragment geometry, algorithms were developed that describe interaction of the fragment with human tissue and resulting projectile kinematics through different tissue layers of the human left ventricular wall. Prof. Andrew McCulloch, Ph.D. (University of California, San Diego -UCSD) and his team assisted Mission Research in executing the UCSD Continuity code to develop quasistatic constitutive models for the various layers of tissue through the left ventricular wall. From these qu...