To provide global, regional, and country-level estimates of diabetes prevalence and health expenditures for 2021 and projections for 2045.Methods: A total of 219 data sources meeting pre-established quality criteria reporting research conducted between 2005 and 2020 and representing 215 countries and territories were identified. For countries without data meeting quality criteria, estimates were extrapolated from countries with similar economies, ethnicity, geography and language. Logistic

Discrepancies and dissonance appear between diabetes educators' intentions and behavior (intentions to use and reported technology use). Intentions were higher than current use, which was relatively low and not likely to provide significant support to people with type 1 diabetes for disease management, communication, and engagement with health care services. Continuing education and experiential learning may be key in supporting diabetes educators to align their intentions with their practice.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in children and adolescents varies widely, and is increasing in many nations. The 10th edition of the International Diabetes Federation Atlas estimated incident cases in 2021 for 215 countries/territories (''countries"). Methods: Studies on T1D incidence for young people aged 0-19 years were sourced and graded using previously described methods. For countries without studies, data were extrapolated from similar nearby countries. Results: An estimated 108,300 children under 15 years will be diagnosed in 2021, a number rising to 149,500 when the age range extends to under 20 years. The ratio of incidence in 15-19 years compared to those aged 0-14 years was particularly high in some countries in sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa/Middle East, and in Mexico.Only 97 countries have their own incidence data, with extrapolation required for some very populous nations. Most data published were not recent, with 27 countries (28%) having data in which the last study year was 2015 or afterwards, and 26 (27%) having no data after 1999. Conclusions: Many countries have recent data but there are large gaps globally. Such data are critical for allocation of resources, teaching, training, and advocacy. All countries are encouraged to collect and publish current data.

Abbreviations: DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; GOLD, glycaemic control and optimisation of life quality in type 1 diabetes; DIAMOND, multiple daily injections and continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes; SWITCH, sensing with insulin pump therapy to control HbA 1c ; JDRF, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; CITY, CGM intervention in teens and young adults with type 1 diabetes; WISDM, wireless innovation for seniors with diabetes mellitus; HypoDE, real-time continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes at high risk for low glucose values using multiple daily injections in Germany; IN CONTROL, continuous glucose monitoring for patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia; IMPACT, novel glucose-sending technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes; SELFY, FreeStyle libre glucose monitoring system paediatric study; REPLACE, an evaluation of a novel glucose sensing technology in type 2 diabetes; GP-OSMOTIC, general practice optimising structured monitoring to improve clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes.