MARKETING EFFCIENCY OF CHICKEN EGGS IN MANADO CITY. Research proposed to seek the pattern, margin and marketing efficiency of egg layer in Manado City.  The research resulted that earning eggs amounted 1114 trays and 33420 item at first marketing channel. It earn 956 trays and 28680 item at second marketing channel. The research illustrated the first channel marketing margin amount IDR 9636. Then, second marketing margin amount IDR 6090. The first marketing channel efficient amount 87,33% and 59,19% in second channel.Key word: Marketing channel, margin , efficiency.

This study aimed to analyze the reception, production costs and revenue on the farm Chickens Laying Golden Paniki PS. The research was conducted in the village Tetey Dimembe District of North Minahasa regency in January and February 2021. The determination method using a sample of case study method. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Analysis of the data used in this study using descriptive data analysis. The results of the analysis show that the amount of production costs incurred in the maintenance of laying hens Golden Paniki PS each for fixed costs of Rp.28,676,667 (1.99%) while for variable costs of Rp. 1,440,577,940 (99.05%). The total cost incurred for 3,000 laying hens in one production period is Rp. 1,469,254,607 (100%), the total revenue is Rp. 1,710,288,000/ production period, and the total income of farmers is Rp. 241,033,393/production period. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the total revenue from the Golden Paniki PS livestock business is Rp. 1,710,288,000/ production period, with a total production cost of Rp.1,469,254,607/ production period, so that the total income earned is Rp. 241,033. 393/production period. Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio) for laying hens business Golden Paniki PS is obtained with a value of 1,16 or greater than 1, which means this business has a profit so it is feasible to run.

Ternak itik sudah lama dikembangkan di kabupaten Minahasa khususnya didaerah pinggiran danau Tondano yang memiliki luas 4.620 ha dan daerah persawahan kabupaten Minahasa yang cukup luas yaitu 13.002 ha. Daerah ini memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang sesuai dengan perkembangan ternak itik sebagai sumber pakan alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat ekonomi dan manfaat lainnya dari system gembala yang dilakukan peternak. Penelitian menggunakan metode survery dan hasil dianalisis secara deskriptif tentang jumlah curahan tenaga kerja system gembala (JKSP) yang selanjutnya dikonversi sebagai biaya pakan alam ternak itik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 64% peternak itik sistim gembala melakukan pindah lokasi daerah gembala kurang dari kurang dari 4 kali dalam setahun dan 36% melakukan lebih dari 4 kali dalam setahun. Sistim gembala memberikan nilai ekonomi sebesar Rp.28.000 per hari utuk nilai pakan yang didapat di alamDuck farming has long been developed in the minahasa distric, especially in the outskirt of tondano lake that has an area of 4.620 ha and paddy fields with an area of 13.002 ha. This area has potential natural resources for ducks as a natural feed resources. This research aims to determine the economic benefit dan other benefit of the duck rerar system. Research using survey methods and result are analyzed descriptively about the allocation labour  (JKSP) of the duck rerar system which is further converted as the cost of feed ducks. The result showed that 64% of the farmers shepherd system did relocated less than 4 times a year and 36% did more than four times a year. Duck rerar system provides economic value or Rp. 28.000 per day of the feed gained in nature

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya produksi, penerimaan dan pendapatan serta menganalisis kelayakan usaha ayam pedaging yang ada di Kelurahan Pinaras, Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan, Kota Tomohon. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan lokasi penelitian yang sengaja ditentukan dengan mengambil studi kasus skala usaha 9.000 ekor ayam pedaging, dengan jumlah populasi ayam pedaging yang terbanyak di Kelurahan Pinaras. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Lokasi usaha tempat penelitian berada di Kelurahan Pinaras, usaha ini dimulai sejak tahun 2015 dan terdapat 6 periode pemeliharaan untuk satu tahun. Analisis data yang digunakan berdasarkan perhitungan nilai Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Benefit Cost Ratio. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa total jumlah pengeluaran yang terdiri dari biaya tetap dan biaya variabel sebesar Rp. 6.753.014.241 dan penerimaan yang terdiri dari penjualan ayam, IP, FCR, insentif mortalitas, serta penerimaan lain berupa karung dan kotoran sebesar Rp. 7.900.066.997 dengan pendapatan yang diterima peternak sebesar Rp. 1.147.052.756 untuk 5 tahun usaha. Hasil analisis finansial diperoleh Net Present Value sebesar Rp. 555.911.094,61, Internal Rate of Return sebesar 45,29% dan Net B/C sebesar 1,17. Usaha peternakan ini memperoleh keuntungan untuk 5 tahun usaha. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini usaha peternakan ayam pedaging pola kemitraan yang ada di Kelurahan Pinaras dinyatakan layak untuk dijalankan dan dilanjutkan karena memberikankeuntungan. Kata Kunci: Ayam pedaging, kemitraan, kelayakan

DUCKS LAYER FARM CONTRIBUTION ON HOUSEHOLDS INCOME IN EAST LANGOWAN DISTRICT. The purpose of this research was to evaluate duck layer farm contribution on household domestic income in East Langowan district. This study was conducted on October 1st to 28th, 2018. The data were obtained by applyingsurvey methods and interviews completed the questionnaires. Samples were taken by purposive sampling methods involving 100 adult ducks maintained traditionally. The samples number is obtained from the whole household farmers, divided into 3 scales of livestock ownership. Scale 1 was farmers with 100 to 233 duck earning revenue of IDR 29.175.786 per year. Scale 2 was farmers with 234 to 367 ducks earning revenue of IDR 52.685.974 per year. Scale 3 was farmers with 368 to 500 ducks earning revenues of IDR 72.364.195 per year. Generally, the duck farm in East Langowan district was still traditionally maintained under a semi-intensive maintenance system. The household farmers of the laying ducks contributed the highest income of 89% with a value of IDR 154.225.952 per year. Animal farm of other owners (off farm) contributed 1% with the value of IDR 2.304.678 per year. Sources of non farming contributed 10% with the value of IDR 17.441.667 per year. It can be concluded that duck farm was categorized into a major farming industry providing greater revenues than other businesses. Duck farm was a source of household farmer income contributing 85% compared with other businesses. The greater the scale of the livestock ownership, the greater the income will be received. The laying duck maintenance system in East Langowan district was still categorized in a traditional system, important to be developed because of potential of agricultural land can provide natural feed so as to profitable breeders.