BackgroundMultiple chalazia are common in children, and many are treated by surgery. However, the distribution of different types of multiple chalazia has not been studied. This research aimed to investigate the location and number of multiple chalazia in pediatrics who need surgical treatments.MethodsPatients with multiple chalazia treated by incision and curettage surgery (I&C) in a tertiary children’s hospital between June and December 2016 were reviewed. Demographic data, locations, and numbers of chalazia were recorded. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models of the counts and the occurrences of chalazia. Hypotheses were tested using likelihood ratio tests appropriate for each type of data.ResultsThe study included 128 subjects, most of which were 1–3 years old. The majority of patients had bilateral chalazia (95.3%), and the proportions of patients with internal, external, and marginal chalazion differed dramatically (99.2%, 61.7%, and 2.3%, respectively). The number of internal and external chalazia did not vary significantly with gender, age, or residence of the patients. Internal chalazia were located more frequently in the upper lids (p<0.001). External chalazia showed no preference of localization. The average number of internal chalazia in each eyelid did not relate to the presence of external chalazia.ConclusionsMultiple chalazia are common among younger children in southeast China. The anatomical distribution varies depending on the type of chalazion. Multiple chalazia often occur bilaterally and internally. If doctors are more aware of the anatomical distribution of chalazia, this might result in a higher success rate of I&C.

Background: Orbital lymphoproliferative disorders (OLPDs) consist of a spectrum of diseases ranging from benign to malignant lesions including reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoma. OLPDs rarely present as an orbital mass lesion in children. Accurate discrimination of OLPDs is crucial for treatment planning. We report a case to investigate the clinical and pathological features of OLPDs in children. Case presentation: A 3-year-old female with orbital mass was admitted to the hospital and proceeded to have a CT orbit which showed an orbital mass. The orbital mass was removed after operation and pathologic diagnosis was identified. Pathological diagnosis with histopathological features and immunohistochemical markers was lymphoproliferative lesion in the left orbit. The diagnosis was consistent with OLPDs. There was no recurrence after one-year follow-up. Conclusions: OLPDs are rare in children. The clinical manifestations and imaging have no specificity; pathological diagnosis with histopathological features and immunohistochemical markers is the main basis for the diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Background: To investigate the distribution and abundance of multiple chalazia in pediatric patients that need surgical treatments.Methods: Patients with multiple chalazia treated in a tertiary Children's Hospital were reviewed between June and December 2016. Demographic data, locations and numbers of chalazia were recorded. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models of the counts and the occurrences of chalazia. Hypotheses were tested using likelihood ratio tests appropriate for each type of data.Results: The study included 128 subjects, most of which were 1-3 years of age. The majority of patients had bilateral chalazia (95.3%), and the proportions of patients with internal, external and marginal chalazion differed significantly (99.2%, 61.7% and 2.3% respectively). The total number of internal chalazia had a negative binomial distribution, whereas the total number of external chalazia followed a Poisson distribution. The number of internal and external chalazia did not differ significantly with gender, age, or residence of patients. Internal chalazia were located more frequently on the upper lids (P < 0.01). External chalazia showed no preference of localization. The average abundance of internal chalazia on each eyelid did not relate to the presence of external chalazia.Conclusions: In Zhejiang province, China, multiple chalazia that require surgery are more common among younger children (aged 1-3 years) than older ones. The anatomical distribution varies depending on the chalazion’s types. Multiple chalazia often occur bilaterally and internally. Doctors should pay more attention to the anatomical distribution to achieve a higher success rate in chalazion surgery.