Type-specific stream assessment systems based on biotic indicators are considered a main focus of future stream assessment in many European countries. However, there is a lack of information on type-specific differences of freshwater eco-regions in South Korea. We aimed to classify the stream types characterized by stream size and altitude. Analyzing the relationship between physical environmental variables and benthic macroinvertebrates collected between 2008 and 2015 at 1,020 sites (i.e. 13,366 samples) on a national scale in South Korea, we classified a total of five Korean stream types. All streams were divided into wadeable and non-wadeable streams using stream order and width. Wadeable streams were classified as mountain, highland, or lowland wadeable streams based on altitude. Nonwadeable streams were divided into lowland non-wadeable streams or rivers based on width. Mountain and highland streams significantly correlated with altitude, whereas others were distinctly related to stream order and width. We selected 25 indicator species sensitive to stream size and altitude. These assessments will provide preliminary information for development of a future biotic stream assessment system based on stream typology.

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Equations for the analogues of u and v performing Bogoliubov transformation are derived in the case of anisotropic multiband superconductors. They are now represented by nϫn matrices, where n is a number of bands relevant to superconducting pairing. We demonstrate that minimization of the ground-state energy does not fix all the parameters of canonical transformation at low temperatures, and thus additional minimization of the free energy due to the excited states is required. ͓S0163-1829͑99͒00802-4͔

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