The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of badminton special speed training method (BSSTM) test instrument on success score and time perception predictive skills performance among elite badminton players. Thirty elite badminton players had participated for the purpose of this study. Expert’s evaluation with content validity analysis were used to determine validity. Test-retest method were used to determine the reliability of the success score and the time perception predicting skill performance of badminton players. The BSSTM scoring sheets which consisted of three parts of assessment scoring methods (Part A, B and C) were evaluated part by part by experts. Participants also performed two separated yet similar testing sessions where the BSSTM scoring methods sheets used to evaluate their performance. Results of the analysis indicated high content validity for all Part A, B and C (α = .963, α = .956, α = 956 respectively) with high reliability also recorded (r = .953, r= .986, r= .974 respectively). In conclusion, the BSSTM and its scoring instruments is valid for badminton specific speed performance tests and reliable to be used. Badminton coaches and players may utilized BSSTM as a training method and performance monitoring tools in their periodized training program.

This study is grounded upon the cognitive process and knowledge representation, analyzes the differences in perceptions between designers and users by applying schema theory. Per design process, we disassembled the semantic words that represent the design concept, and re-construct the representative visual imagery library. We experimented the imagery library with selective designers and users, and through their selections of the images, we uncovered: 1. The differences largely exist in concept interpretation and imagery selection between designers and users, which has strong relationship with their different schema; 2. The experiment revealed the fact that designers are inclined to understand the concept by disassembling the elements, and have obvious tendency of professionalism, while users’ interpretation prefers complete forms and life-oriented; 3. As compared with users, designers relatively prefer brand-new, creative elements in selecting visualized representation.