The eye lens is responsible for fine focusing of light onto the retina, and its function relies on tissue transparency and biomechanical properties. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of Eph-ephrin signaling for the maintenance of life-long lens homeostasis. The binding of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases to ephrin ligands leads to a bidirectional signaling pathway that controls many cellular processes. In particular, dysfunction of the receptor EphA2 or the ligand ephrin-A5 lead to a variety of congenital and age-related cataracts, defined as any opacity in the lens, in human patients. In addition, a wealth of animal studies reveal the unique and overlapping functions of EphA2 and ephrin-A5 in lens cell shape, cell organization and patterning, and overall tissue optical and biomechanical properties. Significant differences in lens phenotypes of mouse models with disrupted EphA2 or ephrin-A5 signaling indicate that genetic modifiers likely affect cataract phenotypes and progression, suggesting a possible reason for the variability of human cataracts due to Eph-ephrin dysfunction. This review summarizes the roles of EphA2 and ephrin-A5 in the lens and suggests future avenues of study.

In this work, the pulse electrodeposition technique was employed for the rst time to deposit AgInSe2 lms. The lms were deposited at room temperature from a bath containing Analar grade 10 mM silver sulphate, 50 mM indium sulphate and 5 mM SeO2. The deposition potential was maintained at −0.98 V (SCE). Tin oxide coated glass substrates (5.0 Ω/sq) were used for depositing the lms. The duty cycle was varied in the range of 650%. The X-ray diraction pattern of the thin lms deposited at dierent duty cycles indicated the peaks corresponding to AgInSe2. The transmission spectra exhibited interference fringes. Resistivity of the lms increased from 1.5 Ω cm to 12.4 Ω cm. Mobility increased with duty cycle. Carrier density decreased with duty cycle. The photovoltaic parameters of CdS/AgInSe2 solar cells increased with duty cycle.

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PurposeTo evaluate a custom-made ocular fluorometer for detection of intensity of light scatter (ILS) from the anterior chamber (A/C) as an objective measure of aqueous flare.MethodsThe fluorometer, equipped with a lock-in amplifier, was employed in the scatter mode to detect ILS from A/C. Measurements were performed with two illumination slit widths of 0.5 and 0.25 mm. The axial resolution at these slit widths were 80 and 200 μm, respectively. Healthy and pseudophakic eyes, with grade 0 Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) score, were employed as control subjects. ILS was also recorded in a cohort of patients who had undergone phacoemulsification and showed grades 1+ or 2+ on postoperative days 1 and 4.ResultsThe inter- and intraobserver variabilities in the measurement of ILS were not significant. In cataract patients, ILS was significantly higher on postoperative day 1 relative to healthy eyes. By day 4, ILS decreased significantly and was only marginally different from ILS in quiet pseudophakic eyes or healthy eyes. Eyes with higher SUN scores showed proportionately increased ILS. The receiver-operator characteristic analysis indicated no advantage in using the smaller slit width in discriminating ILS at different SUN scores although it provided higher axial resolution.ConclusionsThe lock-in–based spot fluorometer is reliable for measurement of ILS with high precision and accuracy.The measured ILS correlates linearly with SUN scores and can be used to provide a higher granularity for recording aqueous flare.Translational RelevanceThe instrument can be used in the clinical management of uveitis and drug development toward uveitis.

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