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Acid violence is a horrible act of gender violence in orthodox societies. A study was conducted to know the reasons for the acid violence against women in Pakistani society. For this purpose, female acid attack survivors were recruited from Karachi city of Sindh province in Pakistan. We found personal conflicts and rejection of marriage proposals as major reasons for acid attacks on women. The majority of the victims are being humiliated due to disfiguring of body parts and forced to live in isolation. This study recommends strong legal framework preparation by government authorities to curb such incidents and rehabilitate acid victims.

Students' attention towards learning science subjects appears to be reducing at all levels of education in developing countries, like Pakistan. This problem is influenced by science teaching methodologies and learning processes. The exploration of factors influencing teaching and learning provides suitable information for enhancing the learning of science subjects. Main objective of this study is to discover science teaching and learning methodology in secondary schools of District Khairpur Mir's. The questionnaire was prepared for students to explore the aspects that motivate students towards studying. The questionnaire identifies teaching methodologies with students' performance in response of their results. A sample of 82 students (both male and female) was selected from different schools of District Khairpur Mir's. The age of the participants ranged between 15-18 years (with mean of 15.56 years). Their educational levels were students of grade ninth and tenth and their socio-economic status ranged from lower-middle to upper-middle income groups. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed by percentage values.

Background: Child mortality has remained a major challenge in developing countries. Annually, many children <5 years of age die prematurely due to vaccine-preventable diseases. In South Asia, Pakistan has struggled to achieve global standards of vaccination. Objective: Therefore, we sought to determine barriers to vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months and inequities in rural and urban settings of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the rural and urban settings of the Sindh province of Pakistan. A 30-cluster household survey was conducted following the WHO guidelines, and 300 children were recruited from each study setting: Lyari, Karachi (urban area) and Umerkot (rural area). Information on the pretested questionnaire was obtained from consenting parents of the children in the study area. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of vaccination. Results: In total, 600 children from both urban and rural settings were included in the analysis. The mean age was 17.70 months (SD, 3.46), and 50.2% children in the study were boys. Overall, 62.8% children were vaccinated in both settings. Moreover, ~80.3% children were fully vaccinated in the urban part compared with 45.3% in the rural part. The dropout rates for BCG and measles 1 were 17% and 29% in urban and rural areas, respectively. The dropout rates for Penta 1 to Penta 3 were 7% in Lyari and 38% in Umerkot. The penta 1–measles 1 dropout rates were 15% in Lyari and 37% in Umerkot. In multivariable analysis, parental knowledge about vaccination (OR, 9.77; 95% CI, 1.76–54.28), access to a vaccination center (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.19–5.26) and mother’s tetanus vaccination: 1 dose (aOR, 4.27; 95% CI, 1.84–9.93) and 2 doses (OR, 12.43; 95% CI, 7.71–20.04) were associated with vaccination. Conclusions: We identified inequities in vaccination status among the populations of rural and urban areas of Pakistan. Vaccination coverage was higher in an urban setting than in a rural setting of Sindh province. Parental knowledge about vaccination, access to a vaccination center, and mother’s tetanus vaccination status were the major factors of low vaccination coverage among these children.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None