Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have accelerated tremendous research efforts with an aim to maximize the lifetime of battery-powered sensor nodes and, by extension, the overall network lifetime. With an objective to prolong the lifetime of WSN, reducing energy consumption turns out to be the most crucial factors for almost all WSN protocols, particularly for the MAC protocol that directly ensures the state of the main energy consumption component, i.e., the radio module. In order to minimize energy consumption, RMAC and HEMAC protocols allow a node to transmit data packets for multi-hop WSN in a single duty-cycle. At the same time, each node remains in low power sleep mode and wakes up periodically to sense for channel activities, i.e., data transmission. But, in token based MAC protocol, depending on the token availability, there is always an endto-end communication between source and sink one at a time; still it would have high latency time. Hence, different MAC protocols for WSN always have greater challenges towards energy conservation, maintaining low latency time, and faulttolerant to node failure. To overcome these problems, we present an energy efficient multi-token based MAC protocol that not only extend the network lifetime and maintain the network connectivity but also achieve congestionless, faulttolerant and reliable data transmission. Simulation studies of the proposed MAC protocol have been carried out using Castalia simulator, and its performance has been compared with that of SMAC, RMAC, and token based MAC protocol. Simulation results also show that the proposed approach has lower energy consumption and higher delivery ratio.

No abstract

A wireless sensor network is a collection of batterypowered sensor nodes distributed in a geographical area. Inmany applications, such networks are left unattended for along period of time. These networks suffer from the problemslike high energy consumption, high latency time, and end- to-end low packet delivery ratio. To design a protocol that findsa trade-off between these problems is a challenging task. Inorder to mitigate energy consumption issue, different existingMedia Access Control (MAC) protocols such as S-MAC, RMAC,HEMAC, and Congestion-less Single Token MAC protocols havebeen proposed which ensure better packet delivery but fail toensure energy efficiency due to high end-to-end latency. Theproblem of high end-to-end latency is resolved with the existingrouting protocols such as Fault Tolerant Multilevel Routingprotocol (FMS)and Enhanced Tree Routing (ETR) protocol.AS2-MAC and Multi Token based MAC protocol are able toimprove the end-to-end packet delivery ratio. However, thehierarchical network structure used in these protocols increasestime and energy consumption during network reconstruction.This problem was further resolved in Distributed HierarchicalStructure Routing protocol by constructing the network structurein a distributed manner. In all these existing protocols, efficienttoken management and reliable data delivery ratio was notproperly addressed, which in turn consume more energy. So,it is clear that MAC and routing protocols both together cangive better results related to data transmission in WSN. Inorder to achieve the same, in this paper, we propose a reliabledata transmission algorithm that satisfies both routing and MACprotocol to improve the end-to-end data delivery. The proposedprotocol uses different control message exchange that ensures datapacket delivery in each individual levels and it ultimately uses oftokens to ensure reliable data transmission along with reducedtraffic congestion during end-to-end data delivery. The algorithmconsiderably improves the packet delivery ratio along with reduceenergy consumption of each sensor node. Simulation studies ofthe proposed approach have been carried out and its performancehas been compared with the Multi Token based MAC protocol,AS-MAC protocol and ETR routing protocol. The experimentalresults based on simulation confirms that the proposed approachhas a higher data packet delivery ratio.

No abstract

No abstract