Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a conception or way of thinking about Management of Plant Pests with a multidisciplinary ecological approach to managing pest populations by utilizing a variety of compatible control tactics in a coordinating management unit. Acoustic signals produced by insects can be used as a source of information about their presence and behaviour. Problems encountered in observing acoustic signals produced by animals in the context of integrated pest control are supporting equipment factors that can facilitate data acquisition, data management, and species identification based on audio recordings (species identification). The objective of this study is to design microcomputer-based bioacoustics monitoring system that is integrated with the cloud. In more detail, the specific objectives are (1) Designing microcomputer-based bioacoustics monitoring system as a supporter of data acquisition systems with cloud integration features, (2) Testing the performance of a bioacoustics monitoring system for field observations. Bioacoustics monitoring system based on a microcomputer with cloud integration has been developed to support the implementation of integrated pest management. The developed system uses a raspberry pi as a central processing unit in local for data acquisition systems that are connected to the cloud using the Internet connection. As a result of the laboratory-scale test in indoor and outdoor setup, the system could record sample insect sound (Katydid and Cricket) clearly for both conditions, although noise from environment also appears in data analysis affecting the insect identification in future utilization.

Hazardous land conversion in the Padang watersheds harms the hydrological conditions of the watersheds. Land use without considering the capacity and carrying capacity of the land results in decreased land productivity and increased watershed damage. This study aims to recommend directions for land use and land management in the Padang watersheds in areas that have a high and very high level of land conversion vulnerability. Analysis of land conversion vulnerability obtained by spatial modeling using ArcGis 10.3 software. The land cover data used in this study are data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2000 and 2019. Directions for land use are carried out through literature review in scientific journals, activity reports from both government and non-government agencies. Recommendations for land management directions are differentiated for urban areas and non-urban areas. Shrub cover that is vulnerable to conversion so that reforestation or other productive land uses are carried out with attention to soil and water conservation. Secondary dryland forest cover that is very vulnerable to conversion for partnerships with communities through community forestry/agroforestry schemes, rehabilitation and reforestation, and ecotourism. Plantation cover that is vulnerable to conversion can adopt an intercropping pattern of garden crops and seasonal crops. Agricultural land cover of dry land with high conversion vulnerability can adopt perennial crops at the land boundary and apply soil and water conservation. Residential areas in rural areas can adopt tree planting and make infiltration wells. The management direction for residential land in urban areas is to apply water conservation techniques (infiltration wells and polders) and arrangement of residential areas.

The productivity of arabica coffee of community in Dairi District is still relatively low compared to other districts where in 2014 it was recorded at 12.13 qtl/ha/year, which was lower than the productivity of arabica coffee at Simalungun, Toba Samosir, and Madina Districts which were respectively of 15.46, 14.24, and 13.90 qtl/ha/year. This study aims to analyse the factors that affect the production of arabica coffee of smallholder plantations in Dairi District, North Sumatra Province. This study used primary data from interviews with arabica coffee farmers. Determination of sample is by Accidental Sampling method, while the sample size is determined by Slovin method where the number of respondents is 99 families. Data analysis was performed using the production function method of Cobb-Douglas. The results showed that simultaneously the number of plants, the age of plants, the number of labours, the amount of fertilizer, and the amount of pesticide have a significant effect; while partially the number of plants, the age of plants, and the amount of fertilizer have a significant positive effect, and the number of labours and the amount of pesticide have a positive but not significant effect on arabica coffee production of smallholder plantations in Dairi District.

The land use in the watersheds is the leading cause of the flood besides rainfall intensity. The objective of this study is to analyse land-use changes period 2000, 2010 and 2018, analyse the factors that influence land-use changes and analyse the level of the spatial distribution of land conversion vulnerability based on a GIS and remote sensing. Spatial modelling methods were used in this study by weighting and scoring on the factors triggering land conversion, namely biophysical land and socioeconomic. The results show that the enormous percentage change in land use between the years 2000-2010 was 49.09% in mixed dryland farming convert to dryland agriculture. While in the period 2010-2018 was an increase of 43.37 % in the fish pond. Factors that influence the chances of land conversion are biophysical and social factors such as population density and per capita income. The higher the population density tend to have, the greater the chance of a land conversion. The higher per capita income tends to have a smaller chance of a land conversion. Land conversion vulnerability in Padang Watersheds is at a vulnerable class of 50.38 % or 55,584.54 Hectares. Then in the class is very vulnerable at 27.38% or 30,213.97 Hectares.

Land conversion activities cause changes in the area of vegetation and carbon storage in the air. These changes can lead to emissions (reduction of carbon stocks) or sequestration (addition of carbon stocks). This study aims to calculate stored carbon in the Padang watershed in 2009 and 2019 and to determine the dynamics of emissions and carbon sequestration due to land conversion in the Padang watershed, North Sumatra Province from 2009 to 2019. The method used in this research is spatial data processing using software Arc Gis. Processing, interpretation and classification of land cover are obtained from land cover data for 2009 and 2019 from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Furthermore, the analysis of emissions and carbon sequestration in the Padang watershed was carried out using the REDD Abacus SP software. The results showed that the total carbon stored in 2009 was 5,168,464.09 tons. Meanwhile, the total carbon stored in 2019 was 5,150,784.81 tons. This means that there is a decrease or carbon emission during the 2009-2019 period of 17,679.28 tons. The total net emissions and sequestration that occurred in the Padang watershed due to changes in land use from 2009 - 2019 were 22,851,751.43 tonnes CO2-eq / year and  3,100,199.00 tonnes CO2-eq / year, respectively. Efforts to reduce emissions include planting and developing forests and community-based forest management.