Objective: The excessive activity of the parasympathetic nervous system in the intestinal smooth muscle is important role in the increased intestinal motility, so antispasmodic medications are needed that can decrease intestinal motility such as atropine. Treatment may also use medicinal plants that are cheaper and easy to obtain, and also believed to have smaller side effects than modern antispasmodic drugs. This study aimed to determine the anticonvulsant or relaxation effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of titanus leaf (EAFTL) against contracted guinea pig colon.Methods: The parameters measured are smooth muscle relaxation. Before testing, guinea pig colon was equilibrated for 45 min to obtain a stable condition in Tyrode’s solution with a temperature of 37°C aerated with carbogen gas (O2:CO2) with a ratio of 95%:5%. The relaxing effect of the colon was tested after inducing by acetylcholine chloride; then, each colon was given cumulative concentration of EAFTL and atropine sulfate. The concentration of acetylcholine chloride required to increase the contraction of the guinea pig colon was 1.76×10−4 Mol. The cumulative concentration of EAFTL given was 0.5–4 mg/Ml and cumulative concentration of atropine sulfate given was 6.95×10−6–2.08×10−2 mg/Ml.Results: The EAFTL has a relaxing effect. Statistical analysis of EAFTL at a concentration of 4 mg/Ml (100.000±1.7417) in reducing the smooth muscle of colon contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride 1.76×10−4 Mol (p>0.005), has not statistically significant compared to that of atropine sulfate 6.95×10−3mg/Ml (105.7292±0.8161).Conclusion: EAFTL has relaxing effect on the smooth muscle of the colon.

The purpose of this study is to express the experiences, ideas, needs, and the use of information technology for the development of management information systems in a higher education institution. This study is qualitative approach research using the case study method. The research data collection uses the techniques of observation, interview, and documentation study. The research procedure used in this research consists of several research steps utilizing the case study method of Robert K. Yin: research planning, research design, research preparation, research data collection, research data analysis, and doing the research report. The research analysis is done by pattern matching. The data validity testing through data source triangulation and technique triangulation. The result of the study presents: (1) the analysis of management information system based on tacit and explicit knowledge through the process of exchanging experience, idea, and initiative, (2) the management information system design based on the needs analysis, and (3) the development of management information system using information technology.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe scramble dalam keterampilan menulis kalimat bahasa Jerman siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah True experimental design. Data dianalisis  dengan  statistik inferensial. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling.  Hasil analisis data yang diperoleh melalui uji-t adalah thitung (11,24) > ttabel(2,002) pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model ini efektif dalam meningkatkan  keterampilan menulis kalimat bahasa Jerman siswa

This study aims to determined factors of questioning difficulty during learning process on Animal Development study. The type of study was survey, using questionnaire, interview, and documentation as study’s instrument. The population subject of this study was third semester student of Biology Education with total 70 students. Analysis method was using descriptive method. As the result of the study shown that questioning difficulty was affected by internal factor 56,21% categorized as adequately and affected by external factor by 61,14% categorized as high. The percentage of students who created question was 42,86% categorized, as adequately, students who were not raise question 57.14% categorized as adequately. During study process, student who able to make questions was at the level of: level C1 (9.64%), level C2 (67,47%), level C3 (14,46%) and level C4 (1,20%) Keywords: Questioning Difficulty Profiles, Internal and External Factors, Student who raised questions, Student who did not raise question, Question Level C1, C2, C3, and C4, Animal Development Study

The main problem of entrepreneurship education in Indonesia is the mindset of most Indonesian people that the goal of continuing education to higher education to become a civil servant is not to be someone who has an entrepreneurial mentality. Entrepreneurship learning has not been able to change the mind-set of college graduates from finding jobs (job seekers) to creating jobs (job creators). Therefore, the formulation of the problem in this study is, "Is there an influence of entrepreneurial learning on student decision making in entrepreneurship at Makassar State University. This study aims to find out, "The effect of entrepreneurial learning on student decision making in entrepreneurship at Makassar State University. This research is an Explanatory Research with a Survey approach with a population of 654 Makassar State University students who propose a Student Creativity Program (PKM) with a sample of 242 which is done by proportional random sampling technique. Therefore, the formulation of the problem in this study is, "Is there an influence of entrepreneurial learning on student decision making in entrepreneurship at Makassar State University. This study aims to find out, "The effect of entrepreneurial learning on student decision making in entrepreneurship at Makassar State University. This research is an Explanatory Research with a Survey approach with a population of 654 Makassar State University students who propose a Student Creativity Program (PKM) with a sample of 242 which is done by proportional random sampling technique. The technique of collecting data uses observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis using SEM. The results of the study show; "There is a significant effect of entrepreneurial learning on student decision making in entrepreneurship at Makassar State University.