Introduction: Of the mathematical methods, regression equations have been successfully used for estimation of stature. Population specific formulae produce more accurate results. The present investigation was designed to estimate stature from fragment of femur obtained from a collection of Bengalee population of the state of West Bengal of India. Materials & Methods: The fragment of the femur (Popliteal length of femur) was measured by a vertical length from the point where the distance between external borders of both linea aspera lips becomes 10 mm (it was considered as the lower end of linea aspera, where the two lips diverges below), to the ground where lower surfaces of both the condyles were in contact. Results: The following regression equation was obtained: Stature in feet = 0.127[20.1184 + 1.6890x]. ('x' stands for popliteal length of femur in centimeter.) Discussion: This would help in identification of unknown skeletal remains, as estimation of stature is an important part in establishing the biological profile of skeletal remains.

An 8-year-old phenotypic female child presented to the pediatrics OPD of Murshidabad Medical College with bilateral inguino-labial swellings for last six months. Upon recording the family history, especially of the maternal side, it was found to be an isolated case.

phone diaries to capture contextual features of STI/HIV-risk that could impact disease acquisition among female sex workers (FSW). Methods Women engaging in transactional sex in the prior 90 days were recruited utilising incentivized snowball sampling. Participants completed STI testing and baseline/exit surveys. Over 4-weeks, they completed twice-daily electronic diaries assessing event-level sexual behaviour, condom use, and drug use. Weekly inperson interviews used open-ended questions to explore geographical characteristics of sexual encounter locations as well as acceptability of event-level monitoring. Results 25/26 participants (median age 43.5 years) completed the 4-week study. At baseline, 27% tested positive for a STI. Participants completed 84.5% of 1,518 expected surveys and 95% of 106 expected interviews. Patterns of diary compliance were stable over time. Partnered sexual activity was captured in 21.4% of diaries. At the participant-level, most reported giving oral sex (84.7%) or vaginal sex (96.1%); fewer (19.2%) reported engaging in anal sex. Among women reporting partnered sexual behaviour with any partner type (i.e., new/regular customers, romantic partners), using condoms was reported 39.2%, 45.5% and 83.3% of the time for giving oral sex, vaginal sex, and anal sex respectively. At the event-level, the frequency of giving oral sex, vaginal sex or anal sex did not significantly change over time. Conclusions It is feasible to engage and retain FSW in a technologically-advanced study to characterise risk contexts of sexual events. Adherence to study protocol was high indicating event-level monitoring using cell phone based diaries is acceptable. These data can be utilised to improve our understanding of the individual, relational and environmental factors that influence STI/HIV acquisition among FSW. An EnvironmEntAl And PoliticAl Economic Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, ChinaBackground In Sichuan province, the criminalised status of female sex work, coupled with the mobility of female sex workers (FSWs), poses major challenges to gathering information about the organisation of the sex trade. Objectives This study has 2 main objectives: (1) To document the environmental risk factors in sex work venues; (2) To describe the sex trade industry in relation to political economic factors, including broader economic transformations. Methods We trained 3 FSWs to conduct participant observation and ethnographic field note writing, including "thick descriptions" (the pealing back of multiple layers of meaning during observations of social scenes). These observations were conducted in 9 sex work venues representing previously mapped FSW venues. Findings were contextualised with secondary historical sources. Findings Participant observation revealed that FSWs were independent when choosing where they worked and when they shifted to another work site. However, gender power inequalities between sex workers and their clients were also described. These power relationships are tied to s...

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