In a population-based infant vision screening programme, 5295 infants were screened and those with significant refractive errors were followed up. To assess the relationship between the development of vision and other domains, we report a longitudinal study comparing infants with significant hyperopia, identified at age 9 months ('hyperopes') with infants with normal refractions ('controls'). Children are included who completed at each age a broad set of visual, cognitive, motor and language measures taken over a series of follow-up visits up to age 5.5 years. Hyperopes performed significantly worse than controls on the Atkinson Battery of Child Development for Examining Functional Vision at 14 months and 3.5 years and the Henderson Movement Assessment Battery for Children at 3.5 and 5.5 years. The Griffiths Child Development Scales, MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory and British Picture Vocabulary Scales showed no significant differences. Exclusion of those infants who became amblyopic and strabismic did not substantially alter these results, suggesting that the differences between groups were not a consequence of these disorders. These results indicate that early hyperopia is associated with a range of developmental deficits that persist at least to age 5.5 years. These effects are concentrated in visuocognitive and visuomotor domains rather than the linguistic domain.
SUMMARY Data from a population‐based Cerebral Palsy Register in Western Australia were analysed for children born between 1956 and 1975, and low birthweight (LBW) and normal birthweight (NBW) infants were compared. Control populations of similar birthweight to the cases were available from Western Australia live births. The incidence of spastic diplegia among LBW infants was higher than among those of NBW. The relative risk for LBW infants increased from 12‐ to 26‐fold between 1961 and 1975, and those who previously would have died were surviving to be more severely disabled, both physically and intellectually. For LBW infants the risk of spastic diplegia increased both with increasing maternal age and with birth order; for NBW infants birth order was of main importance. LBW singletons, NBW twins and those born in rural hospitals had increased risk of spastic diplegia. More antenatal problems were seen in the LBW group, whereas the NBW group had higher rates of perinatal problems. Thus the groups may differ aetiologically, the LBW group having a greater likelihood of being damaged in utero, whereas the NBW group may have become brain‐damaged as a result of traumatic deliveries. RÉSUMÉ Diplégie spastique chez les enfants de poids de naissance faible et normal Les données provenant d'un recueil d'informations sur l'IMC dans la population en Australie Occidentale et portant sur les enfants nés entre 1956 et 1965 ont permis de comparer des nourrissons à faible poids de naissance (LBW) et des nourrissons à poids de naissance normal (NBW). Un contrôle de population normale et de poids de naissance similaire a pu être effectuéà partir des données concernant les enfants nés vivants. L'incidence de la diplégie spastique dans le groupe LBW est apparue plus élevée que dans le groupe NBW. Le risque relatif pour le groupe LBW est passé de 12 à 26 fois entre 1961 et 1975 et les enfants qui seraient antérieurement morts ont survécu avec des infirmités plus graves tant physiques qu'intellectuelles. Dans le groupe LBW, le risque de diplégie spastique apparait accru avec avec l'âge de la mère et le rang de naissance. Dans le groupe NBW, I'ordre de naissance est apparu fondamental. Le risque de diplégie spastique parait plus élevé pour les enfants LBW nés seuls, les jumeaux NBW et les enfants nés en Hôpitaux ruraux. Les difficultés prénatales sont apparues plus fréquentes dans le groupe LBW. Les difficultés périnatales dans le groupe NBW. Les deux groupes different donc étiologiquement, le groupe LBW présentant une plus grande probabilité de lésions in utero, tandis qu'un traumatisme d'accouchement peut être le responsable d'une lésion cérébrale dans le groupe NBW. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Spastische Diplegie bei Kindern mit geringem und normalem Geburtsgewicht Die Daten eines Cerebralparese‐Registers in West Australien wurde nach Kindern durchgesehen, die zwischen 1956 und 1975 geboren worden waren und es wurden die Kinder mit geringem Geburtsgewicht (GGW) mit den Kindern mit normalem Geburtsgewicht (NGW) verglichen. Kontrollkinder mit ent...
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