The Anger Expression Scale (AX) was administered to 150 volunteers ranging in age from 21 to 83 years. Participants were placed into one of three groups on the basis of their chronological age: Young Adult (21 to 39 years), Middle Age (40 to 59 years) and Old (60 to 83 years). The AX yields three scores, anger-in, anger-out and total AX. Each of the three AX scores was analyzed by a 3 (Age Group) x 2 (Gender of Subject) ANCOVA with educational level as the covariate. Results indicated that the Young Adult Group expressed more anger-out than the Old Group, and both the Young Adult and Middle-Age groups had higher total AX than the Old. No significant main effects were observed for the variable anger-in, and no gender differences were found for any of the three variables. Implications of results are discussed.
The Anger Expression Scale and a questionnaire regarding marijuana usage were administered to 497 undergraduate college students enrolled at a rural university in the midwestern United States. Four levels of marijuana use were defined by the questionnaire: nonuser, occasional user, frequent user, and daily user. No significant main effect was found on the Anger-In or Total Anger Expression scales, but differences among the four levels of use were noted on the Anger-Out scale. The trend analysis showed a significant linear trend for the Anger-Out and Total Anger Expression scales. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory for 23 alcoholic women (22 white and one Hispanic) who had been molested as children and 20 alcoholic women (17 white and 3 black) who had no memory of being molested as a child were compared. Significant differences showed the abused group scored significantly higher on the depression scale than the nonabused group. No significant difference was found on age at which the 2 groups began drinking regularly. The implications of these results are discussed.
The State-Trait Personality Inventory was administered to 150 volunteers whose ages ranged from 21 to 83 yr. Participants were placed into one of three groups on the basis of their chronological age: young adults (21 to 39 yr.), middle-age (49 to 59 yr.), and old (60 to 83 yr.). Analysis indicated no significant main effects for age group on any of the six subscales with education statistically controlled. Significant sex differences were found on the Trait Anxiety Scale; women had higher trait anxiety. There was no significant interaction of sex and age. Implications of results were discussed.
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