Introduction: Low back pain appears in approximately two thirds of the population at some point in life and when it exceeds more than 12 weeks, it evolves to chronic low back pain. Chronic low back pain is considered one of the most common causes of disability and absence from work. A therapeutic technique that can be used as a treatment for chronic low back pain is neural mobilization, capable of restoring compromised neurological structures, restoring movement by improving the elasticity of neural tissue and adjacent tissues. Objective: To verify the effects of neural mobilization in patients with chronic low back pain. Material and methods: All articles were carefully evaluated in order to obtain concrete and reliable information. The databases used were Google Scholar, Scielo, Medline and PubMed due to the methodological quality and articles in the area of interest. The keywords “low back pain”, “chronic low back pain”, “neural mobilization” and “physiotherapeutic intervention” were combined in the most diverse possibilities, in English and Spanish translations. Results: 86 articles were found, nine of which were included in this review. They had a score ≥ 5 on the PEDro Scale, which methodologically qualifies the articles. After analyzing the results obtained through the selected articles, all the data collected, as well as their respective results, were described in a table that contains data from the articles. Conclusions: Neural mobilization reduces pain and improves the extensibility of tissues, causing a reduction in painful sensation and increased flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research in order to verify new results obtained through this type of intervention.