α‐Amylase from Cryptococcus flavus was previously purified after exchange chromatography on Q‐Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephacryl S‐100. The enzyme was purified 128‐fold with a recovery rate of 81% of activity. The molecular mass of the α‐amylase was 67 kDa as determined by SDS–PAGE. The enzyme was characterized after immobilization on glass tubes. The immobilization yield, efficiency, and activity recovery of α‐amylase were 79, 57, and 45%, respectively. The optimum pH of the immobilized enzyme was shifted to a more acidic pH (4.5) compared with the free enzyme (5.5). The optimum temperature of the immobilized enzyme was the same for the free enzyme (50°C), but it showed a higher thermal stability. The immobilized enzyme showed activity until the 10th cycle, maintaining 47% of initial activity, and was capable of hydrolyzing starch from potato, wheat, corn, and cassava. The main products released from starch were maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose.
Head hair of 150 normal boys from Brazil ranging in age from 1 to 12 years was studied for the influence of color on concentrations of zinc and copper. Hair color was classified visually and also quantified by melanin concentration. Visual classification and spectrophotometric measurements of melanin showed good agreement for blond and black colors, whereas large discrepancies were observed for intermediate colors such as light and dark brown. Hair distributed in four ranges of melanin concentration (the numerical estimate of color) showed no significant differences for concentration of Zn and Cu but showed a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) concentration for Zn:Cu in black hair than in the other color groups. Correlation between mineral content (Zn and Cu) and melanin was low and nonsignificant except for Zn in hair color ranging from 0-100 melanin units (r = -0.34, P less than 0.05). Discussion of these findings is presented regarding the importance of hair color change in children and estimation of mineral nutritional status.
ResumoA Doença Celíaca (DC) é definida como uma enteropatia crônica do intestino delgado, imunomediada, promovida pela presença da proteína gliadina no trato gastrintestinal do indivíduo geneticamente predisposto, sendo considerada uma das causas mais frequentes de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Sabe-se que os probióticos podem contribuir para digerir as proteínas do glúten em pequenos polipeptídios não imunogênicos, diminuindo ou excluindo o gatilho para o desenvolvimento da DC, além de outros benefícios. O objetivo foi analisar a intervenção com probióticos na doença celíaca, a fim de contribuir para um protocolo mais eficiente no tratamento desse transtorno. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2021, que resumiu em evidências relacionadas ao impacto da administração de probióticos na doença celíaca. Foram incluídos 10 estudos, sendo que a maior intervenção foi no público feminino (n= 1.281), variando a faixa etária de 3 meses a 74 anos; averiguou o uso do probiótico em crianças geneticamente suscetíveis (n=1); observou o uso do simbiótico em pacientes com DC (n=1); analisou os efeitos do probióticos em pacientes com risco genético para DC (n=1). Os probióticos são benéficos para pacientes celíacos e crianças geneticamente com risco dessa doença, associada a uma dieta sem glúten. Utilizando um mix de cepas, o resultado é mais eficiente, reduzindo a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e resposta imunológica periférica, e melhora sintomas como inchaço, constipação, diarreia e disturbo intestinal não especificado nos pacientes com DC com sintomas do tipo síndrome do intestino irritável.
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