Artikel ini dikembangkan dari penelitiaan dengan judul Studi Revisi Rumus Braakdan Mock tentang Gradien Suhu Udara di Jawa Tengah dan DIY” ini berawal dari hasilperhitungan gradien suhu udara menurut rumus Braak yang sudah tidak sesuai denganfakta lapangan. Banyak wilayah pegunungan yang dulu relatif dingin sekarang sudahtidak dingin seperti dulu lagi. Masyarakat merasa temperatur udara semakin panas. Untukitu dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu udara di permukaan air laut,perbedaan suhu udara per seratus meter hingga ketinggian 2000an meter, dan selisihhasil perhitungan dengan formula Braak dengan data di wilayah penelitian. Populasidalam penelitian ini ad alah semua udara yang ada di wilayah permukaan bumi di PulauJawa bagian Tengah. Penelitian ini bersifat penelitian kuantitatif berdasarkan hasilpengukuran langsung dan perekaman data sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakaninstrumen thermometer, dan formulir isian data. Pengumpulan data sekunder diperolehdari instansi-instansi yang terkait dengan masalah dan tujuan penelitian antara lain : datatemperatur. Dalam penelitian ini analisis dilakukan dengan memasukkan hasil pengukuranprimer yang dirata-rata kemudian dimasukkan dalam rumus Braak. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan perbedaan suhu udara berdasar perbedaan tinggi tempat masih mengikutirumus Braak, hanya suhu udara di permukaan laut yang sering para penelitimenggunakan angka 26,3⁰C, menjadi 28,5⁰C. Temperatur udara berdasarkan datamenunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang sangat nyata. Wilayah pantai yangmerupakan wakil permukaan air laut bersuhu udara bulan April Mei 2012 sebesar 28,5⁰C,suhu udara pada 800 m sebesar 24⁰C, dan suhu udara pada ketinggiaan udara 2100meter sebesar 16,25⁰C. Pada ketinggian 800 meter, perbedaan temperatur hasilperhitungan rumus Braak dengan data lapangan hanya 23,62 ˚C dengan 24 ˚C, atau 1,2%,sedangkan di wilayah dengaan ketinggian 2100 meter, perbedaan temperatur hasilperhitungan rumus Braak dengan data lapangan hanya 16,70 ˚C dengan 16,25 ˚C, atau2,1%.Kata kunci: temperature udara, gradien suhu

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As of the beginning of September 2021, the COVID-19 outbreak has lasted for more than 1.5 years in Indonesia, especially on Java and Bali islands. Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia, is one of the areas that continued to impose restrictions on community activities at the highest level for that period. This is due to the high rate of COVID-19 spread in this region. In this paper, the influence of landscape and meteorological parameters on the spread of COVID-19 risk in Yogyakarta is investigated. This study utilises primary and secondary data obtained from observation, remote-sensing-image interpretation, literature study and data documented by several agencies. The data were statistically analysed using simple linear regression and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis utilising the average nearest neighbour. The results show that the variation in landscape and meteorological parameters in the Yogyakarta area does not have a significant impact on the spread of COVID-19. Ease of accessibility in various areas of Yogyakarta is able to overcome landscape barriers. This affects the random distribution pattern of COVID-19, clustering in plain areas that facilitate population mobility rather than in mountainous, volcanic or karst areas. Also, meteorological conditions with small variations do not impact the spread of COVID-19. In summary, this study shows that ease of mobility in a medium-wide area can encourage the spread of COVID-19 in various regions even though there are variations in its terrain and climate.

Social media as a means of communication plays a role in building a new paradigm of disaster. One of the social media users for hydrometeorological disaster communication is a shallot farmer in Parangtritis Village, Kretek Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta Special Region. This study aims to determine the role of social media as a means of communication for hydrometeorological disasters in shallot farming activities. The design of this research is descriptive quantitative research. The research was carried out from April to October 2021 by taking the location of shallot farmers in Parangtritis Village, Kretek Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta Special Region. The research sample was determined by a quota of 50 respondents. Research data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data that has been collected is then processed and analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that: (1) The respondents' ownership of gadgets is 84%. Of all respondents who have gadgets, 71.4% of respondents have an internet connection. (2) All respondents stated that ownership of gadgets and internet connection is useful in hydrometeorological disaster information. (3) All respondents who have gadgets and internet connections have facebook and whatsapp social media accounts. (4) The role of ownership of social media accounts is as a means of exchanging information on hydrometeorological disasters, namely information related to shallot farming activities (seedlings, soil processing, fertilizers, pest eradication, harvesting, etc.) and information on the threat of hydrometeorological disasters on shallot farming, such as floods and extreme weather. The existence of social media is able to have a positive impact on shallot farmers, especially in adapting to existing weather conditions with strategies to change crop variations, change cropping patterns, change planting periods, and change irrigation systems, thereby helping harvest success.

The prevalent floods happened in Yogyakarta suburbs is not decreasing but growing every year. The same thing also happens in the campus complex of Yogyakarta State University (UNY) and its surroundings. Some parts of the campus and its surroundings having an area of 56,58 hectares are often flooded when rains occur with somewhat high intensity. This happens because the amount of run-off and drainage channels is imbalance. Also, many the recharge area spaces are diminishing since they have been converted into buildings. How large is the recharge area existing in the complex of UNY? How much is the volume of rainwater that is accommodated in this campus complex? How many recharge wells are needed?.This research aims at investigating the built-up areas and open spaces, rain water volume prediction, and the estimation of the optimal number of recharge wells needed. This research utilizes the rainfall data, built-up area data gathered using satellite imagery, infiltration data, permeability, and the number of recharge well data. The amount of discharge and the estimated volume of rainwater are calculated using a rational method Q = C.I.A. Based on the volume of rainwater, the method can be used to predict the number of recharge wells needed. To determine the depth of recharge wells, the DPU formula H = D.I.At - D.K.As / As + D.K.P is employed. The results show that the recharge area is only 37,80%.Thisnumber is quite small since a lot of space of land that is supposed to be a strategic open space such as parking lot or garden has been converted into concrete and cement construction. The maximum of the rainfall volume at 50 mm / hour is around 28,290 m3. Therefore, based on the calculation, 3,519 units of artificial recharge wells are needed. In fact, the recharge wells built by the campus are only 128 units.