Zakat is an important Islamic institution in Malaysia. The development of the institution has been through time influenced by the changing social, political and economic situation of the country. One of the important phenomena that shaped the institution is the Islamization process which happened during Islamic revivalism which ushered in the early 1970s. The scenario and the social change that happened during the era have resulted in the zakat has been one of the institutions which government keened to enhance in the later decades. This article discusses the brief development of zakat institution in post Malaysian Islamic revivalism era, through which eventually, the impact of the revivalism on the institution will be clearly observed. As has been self-evident throughout the discussion, supported by the data of collection over the years, the zakat institution, apart from its fundamental role as religious duty, has been through time playing a greater role in social and economy. .

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Lending and borrowing are fundamental human activities. Islam generally permits such activities provided that they are based on genuine necessities and will not lead to unfavourable consequences. This article discusses the nature of lending and borrowing activities from the Islamic perspective and specifically in terms of the relationship between debtors and creditors. The main compilations of hadith (sunnan sittah) and related Sharah (commentaries) are referred to in a discussion and analysis of hadith pertaining to debt activities. The content analysis method, incorporating relevant hadiths and patterns of discussion, found that borrowers are obliged to repayment according to a predetermined contract. Additionally, lenders must remain considerate to the borrowers should the latter are unable to fulfil their obligation. In conclusion, a warm relationship between both parties should be established, as lending is a benevolent act which guarantees the lender a considerable reward in the afterlife.

This study was conducted to present the relationship between the privatization of zakat administration to human resource management. Data collection was done qualitatively through library research and interviews. The study population consisted of selected states. While the study sample is Johor, Perak, Selangor, Penang and the Federal Territory. Overall, the study proves that the implications of privatization in the administration of zakat provide several advantages compared to states that do not practice privatization. States that do not implement privatization are seen to have difficulty adding new staff and assigning permanent positions to contract staff. This makes it difficult to further expand zakat operations. For states that implement the privatization of zakat, they can determine their own operating travel activities. Each new staff application only needs to be approved at the internal management level of the company according to current needs, and if the management approves it then the company can advertise the vacancy into the mainstream media. This study also suggests that a more detailed study be done on the impact of privatization on the effectiveness and efficiency of zakat administration in Malaysia.

Muamalat or Islamic banking is a rapidly growing sector in Indonesia. The development of this sector is triggered by the movement of societies and political parties mainly due to the lack of support from the government. One of the parties that played major roles in the development of this sector is the Parti Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS PengenalanSejak tahun 2000 selepas tertubuhnya Bank Muamalat dan Bank Syariah, muamalat atau perekonomian Islam menjadi sektor yang semakin berkembang di Indonesia. Bank-bank ini tidak lagi hanya sebagai pilihan alternatif, tetapi sudah menjadi sebahagian daripada industri perbankan di Indonesia yang ikut berperanan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Ia juga memperlihatkan perkembangan pesat sektor muamalat meskipun dalam usia yang masih muda jika dibandingkan dengan perbankan konvensional.Pada peringkat awal, perkembangan muamalat atau ekonomi Islam di Indonesia adalah lahir dari sokongan masyarakat kerana kerajaan Indonesia kurang berminat. Ia merupakan usaha murni individu-individu, institusi dan parti-parti Islam yang prihatin terhadap perkembangan ekonomi masyarakat yang pada ketika itu di bawah kongkongan ekonomi liberal dan sekular. Berbeza dengan negara-negara majoriti Muslim seperti Malaysia, pemerintah Indonesia tidak begitu yakin dan percaya dengan potensi produk-produk Islam. Industri kewangan Islam tidak begitu mendapat sambutan dan dokongan pemerintah. Pemerintah juga tidak memperuntukkan belajawan untuk memperkembangkan sektor muamalat seperti untuk memperkenalkan instrumen-instrumen syariah, program kesedaran sosial dan pendidikan kepada masyarakat. Hal ini seperti dinyatakan oleh Direktur Berita Satu Media Holdings Primus Dorimulu. 1 Sebenarnya industri kewangan Islam di Indonesia memiliki potensi yang luar biasa. Sehingga pertengahan tahun 2012 sahaja, jumlah aset industri kewangan Islam mencecah Rp285 trillion (lebih kurang RM 8 billion). Hal ini diungkapkan oleh Direktor Eksekutif Perbankan Syariah Bank Indonesia (BI), Edy Setiadi dan Ketua Dewan Syariah Nasional, Majlis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI), Kiyai Haji (KH) Maruf Amin ketika menyampaikan pidato pada acara Anugerah Best Syariah 2012 majalah lnvestor Jakarta, pada 8 Ogos 2012). 2 Dengan jumlah penduduk beragama Islam mencecah 210 juta, iaitu 88,22 % dari total keseluruhan rakyatnya yang meletakkan Indonesia sebagai negara muslim terbesar di dunia, sudah selayaknya Indonesia menjadi pelopor dan kiblat pengembangan Muamalat dan Kewangan Islam di dunia. Hal ini bukanlah sesuatu yang mustahil kerana potensi Indonesia untuk menjadi global player muamalat Islam adalah sangat besar kerana mempunyai jumlah penduduk muslim yang besar dan prospek ekonomi yang cerah dengan