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Abstract:Radon 222 released from rocks contribute to the level of radiation in human body. The stratigraphy of West Java, which is dominated by granite, has a high level of radon. The result of the study in Padalarang shows that the highest dose of radon is 24 Bq/kg and the lowest 17 Bq/kg. The alpha rays may affect the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) level. The research is conducted on all men and women in the age of 30 to 70 living in Padalarang district who met the inclusion criteria, with good general health condition, being original inhabitant since birth, not suffering from chronic systemic infectious diseases, and willing to participate in the research by completing the informed consent. Sample is taken by using consecutive sampling. Blood sample is taken as much as 2 cc/person by using a 2cc syringe, which is then inserted into venoject tube containing heparin. Antioxidant activity in the blood plasma is examined by using SOD Kit. The average of SOD level is 3.56 ui/ml in Highland (Masigit Mountain) and 1.65ui/ml in lowland (Cipatat). The increase of SOD level of the people living in Highland is suspected to be the contribution of radon exposure contained in rocks and water.

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AIM: To investigate demographic and preoperative factors increasing the risk of ametropia following transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK) in myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included myopic eyes (-0.50 to -8.75 D) with or without astigmatism (up to 3.50 D) enrolled at Dr. Yap Eye Hospital Yogyakarta. TransPRK was performed using Technolaz 217z100 excimer laser. Subjects were clustered into ametropia and emmetropia group based on uncorrected distance visual acuities (UDVA) 3mo post-operatively. Multiple preoperative and intraoperative parameters were analyzed using Logistic regression to obtain their effect on ametropia risk following transPRK. RESULTS: A total of 140 eyes of 87 consecutive subjects were studied. Prevalence of ametropia following transPRK was 20 (14.29%) eyes. Subjects in ametropia group were significantly older than the emmetropia group (31.80±14.23 vs 18.88±2.41, respectively; P<0.001). Bivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=1.23), higher preoperative spherical equivalent (>-6 D; OR=12.78), steeper anterior keratometric readings (Kmax>45 D and mean K>44 D; OR=4.28 and 4.35, respectively) increased the risk of ametropia following transPRK. Adjusted multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age was the strongest predictor for the incidence of ametropia following transPRK. Complications of transPRK were overcorrection, suspected posterior keratoectasia and accommodation insuffiency. CONCLUSION: Older age can be the strongest factor for increasing ametropia risk following transPRK. Cut-off points of Kmax and mean K at 45 and 44 D respectively are proposed as the predictors for ametropia following transPRK.