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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to compensatory hyperinsulinemia with consequent metabolic abnormalities in women. In this study, DLBS3233 and Metformin were used to be tested. DLBS3233 itself is the new insulin-sensitizing drug, a combinationbioactive-fraction derived from two Indonesian herbals, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Cinnamomum burmannii. DLBS3233 alone and in combination with metformin were evaluated for efficacy and safety in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A randomized, double-blind, 3-arm, double-dummy, non-inferiority, and also a controlled clinical study was conducted at the Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Indonesia, between October 2014 and February 2019. The study involved 60 female subjects (with 20 female subjects in each group) that had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Treatment I consists of one placebo capsule twice per day and one 100 mg DLBS3233 capsule once per day. Treatment II consists of one placebo caplet once per day and one 750 mg Metformin XR caplet twice per day. Treatment III consists of one 750 mg Metformin XR caplet twice per day and one 100 mg DLBS3233 capsule once per day. Results: In treatment I, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were 3.55, 3.59, and 3.80 at pretest, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention, respectively. In treatment II, the HOMA-IR level were 4.00, 2.21, and 4.40 at pretest, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention respectively. In treatment III, the HOMA-IR levels were 3.30, 2.86, and 3.12 at pretest, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention, respectively. There was no apparent difference existed in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, ferriman-gallwey scores (FGS), and safety assessment on vital signs and laboratory examinations (liver function and renal function) in all groups. Conclusion: Either DLBS3233 alone or the DLBS3233/Metformin combination showed no significant efficacy and did not negatively affect cardiovascular function, liver and kidney function in PCOS subjects.

Background: Visual disturbance can be caused by external factors, that is, the lack of outdoor activities and a positive correlation between the length of outdoor activities and vitamin D levels. The aim of this research was to examine the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, sex and visual acuity.Methods: This research uses cross-sectional approach, conducted in junior high school 16,18 of Semarang. Purposive sampling method, the analysis is done the chi square test.Results: There is a correlation between sex and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at junior high school 16 (p=0.001, c=13.42) and junior high school 18 (p=0.001, c=13.42). There is a correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and visual acuity at junior high school 16 (p=0.302, c=4.868). There is no correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and visual acuity at Junior High School 18 (p=0.302, c=4.868).Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is related to sex, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is correlated with a decrease in vision acuity. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is not correlated with a decrease in vision acuity.