The rhizome is part of the plant for food reserves, including storing carbohydrates (starch), therefore rhizomes of Galangal, Curcuma, Fingerroot rhizome can be used as a source of starch. This study used an exploratory method which included isolation of starch from Galangal, Curcuma, Fingerroot Rhizome, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, sample collection, sample processing, and examination of the characterization of starch. The results of starch characterization obtained yields for Galangal starch 2.6%, Curcuma starch 5.4%, Fingerroot rhizome starch 4.1%; determination of total ash content for Galangal starch 1.4%; Curcuma starch 2.0%, Fingerroot rhizome starch 1.0%; determination of drying shrinkage for 1.8% Galangal starch, 2.4% Curcuma starch, 3.2% Fingerroot rhizome starch; determination of acid-insoluble ash content for 0.6% Galangal starch, 0.7% Curcuma starch, 0.7%Fingerroot rhizome starch.

Diuretik bekerja pada ginjal dengan cara meningkatkan eksresi air dan natrium klorida. Kecenderungan masyarakat mengonsumsi diuretik berbahan kimia menyebabkan banyaknya efek negatif yang ditimbulkan. Penggunaan bahan alam sudah banyak diteliti untuk menggantikan obat-obatan kimia. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki khasiat yaitu tanaman kopi. Tanaman kopi yang digunakan bagian daunnya mengandung senyawa-senyawa antioksidan (flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, kafein dan polifenol) yang bermanfaat sebagai anti inflamasi (anti peradangan), anti kanker, diuretik, antimikroba dan aktivitas antioksidan. Infusa Daun Kopi (IDK) diperoleh menggunakan teknik infusa dengan pelarut akuades kemudian digunakan pada 25 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok I (negatif) Na-CMC 0,5 %, kelompok II (positif) Furosemid 3,6 mg/kgBB, kelompok III, IV, V IDK dosis 10, 20, 40% diberikan secara oral. Tikus diberi akuades secara oral dengan dosis 15 ml/kgBB. Tikus di letakkan di dalam kandang metabolik, kemudian pemeriksaan fisik urin dilakukan setiap 1 jam sekali selama 6 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IDK dengan dosis terbaik adalah 40% yang memberikan peningkatan volume urin, memberi pengaruh terhadap pH urin, memberi pengaruh terhadap berat jenis urin, memberi pengaruh terhadap warna urin dan memberi pengaruh terhadap kejernihan urin.

Dental cariesand gingivitis are the two mostcommon dental and oral diseases in human society. The main cause of both diseasesis a collection of bacteria bound in anorganicmatrix and firmlyattachedtothe tooth surface known as plaque. Black garlicis garlic that has been processed by fermentationat a certaintemperaturefor a long time, resulting in new compounds that have pharmacological effects showing broad antibiotic properties against gram-positiveand gram-negative bacteria, includingstrains that are multi-bacterial. Antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of black garlic against Streptococcus mutans bacteria and to determine the differences in the variation of the antibacterial fermentation time of blackgarlicon the antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The methodused in this study isanexperimentalmethod (experimentalresearch) to determine the effect of blackgarlic as anantibacterial against Streptococcusmutans. The resultsobtained fromthis study are blackgarlic extract containsalkal oids, flavonoids, tannins, andsaponins. Black garlic extract from variations of 7 days, 12 days, 15 days, and Chlorhexidine had an inhibitoryzone with a strong category while steriledistilled water had an inhibitionzone in the weakcategory.

Noni fruit (Morindacitrifolia L.) is a medicinal plant that is well known by the people in Indonesia. Noni is efficacious as an immune enhancer, normalizes blood pressure, anti-cancer, analgesic, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, antimicrobial. To know the characteristics of simplicia and the class of compounds from the noni fruit as well as to analyze the flavonoid compounds contained in the noni fruit using the thin layer chromatography method. The flavonoid compounds were extracted by maceration using ethanol solvent and then the ethanol extract was tested by thin-layer chromatography using 1% HCl mobile phase and spotting with 1 N H2SO4 reagent and methanol pa (1: 1% v/v). Result of simplicia characterization of fruit Noni, obtained 1.32% water content, 38.41 % water soluble extract content, 16.7% ethanol soluble extract content, 6.09% total ash content, and 0.45 acid insoluble ash content. %. Noni fruit simplicia contains chemical compounds of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, anthraquinones, saponins with phytochemical screening tests. The value of Rf from the analysis of noni fruit flavonoid compounds using the Thin Layer Chromatography method with 3 repetitions is 0.75; 0.68 and 0.62. This indicates the presence of flavonoid compounds in the noni fruit.