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Sepsis remained a major cause of neonatal death, but the pathologic mechanisms were poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the serum cytokine/chemokine profile in neonates with sepsis. In this study, we enrolled 40 full-term neonates with sepsis and 19 neonates without infection as controls. Serum 40 cytokines/chemokines were analyzed using Luminex Bead Immunoassay System. Serum IL-17 was measured using enzyme-linked immune-absorbent assay. Our results showed that serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIF, CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL16, CCL27, CCL2, CCL8, CCL3, CCL20, CCL23, CCL27 and CX3CL1 were significantly increased in neonates with sepsis compared to controls (all p<0.05). The levels of serum CXCL6, CXCL1, IL-6, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL20, and IL-17 were higher in LOS than those in EOS (all p<0.05). Conversely, serum IL-16, CXCL16, CCL22 were lower in LOS than those in EOS (all p<0.05). The levels of CX3CL1, CXCL2, CCL8 and TNF-α were all positively correlated with SOFA scores. We suggest that excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines might involve in the damage of neonatal sepsis. In addition, chemokines significantly increased the recruitment of immune cells after infection to participate in the anti-infection defense of neonates, but they might lead to damage.

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Background: Tumor markers CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag were routinely used for lung cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of these markers.Methods: The levels of 5 serum tumor markers were measured in 255 patients with lung cancer (44 squamous cell carcinoma, 183 adenocarcinoma, 28 small cell lung cancer), 103 patients with benign lung disease, and 120 healthy controls. The relevant clinical data of the patients were collected to analyze the expression of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag in the serum of lung cancer and their correlation with prognosis.Results: The positive rates and expression levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag in the lung cancer group were higher than those in patients with benign lung diseases and healthy controls. CYFRA21-1 and SCC-Ag were highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and NSE and proGRP were highly expressed in small cell lung cancer. The expression levels of CYFRA 21-1, NSE, and proGRP in small cell lung cancer were higher than those in non-small cell lung cancer. The levels of CEA, CYFARA21-1, NSE, and proGRP were linearly correlated with the occurrence of lung cancer, while the level of SCC-Ag was not significantly correlated with the occurrence of lung cancer. What’s more, the levels of CYFAR21-1 and NSE in the death group of lung cancer patients were higher than those in the survival group.Conclusion: CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag played a good role in diagnosing lung cancer. CYFRA21-1 and SCC-Ag can be used as markers for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, and NSE and proGRP can be used as markers for small cell lung cancer. Meanwhile, the combined detection of CEA, CYFARA21-1, NSE, and proGRP had the highest diagnostic accuracy for lung cancer. Furthermore, CYFAR21-1 and NSE can be used to evaluate the prognosis of lung cancer patients.

BackgroundSepsis remains a major cause of neonatal death, but its underlying pathological mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods To characterize the serum cytokine/chemokine profile in neonates with sepsis, we enrolled 40 full-term neonates with sepsis and 19 neonates without infection as controls. Forty cytokines/chemokines in serum were analyzed using the Luminex Bead Immunoassay System. Serum IL-17 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsOur results showed that serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIF, CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL16, CCL27, CCL2, CCL8, CCL3, CCL20, CCL23, CCL27, and CX3CL1 levels were significantly increased in neonates with sepsis compared to those in the control group (all p<0.05). The levels of serum CXCL6, CXCL1, IL-6, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL20, and IL-17 were higher in late-onset sepsis (LOS) than in early-onset sepsis (EOS) (all p<0.05). Conversely, serum IL-16, CXCL16, and CCL22 were lower in LOS than in EOS (all p<0.05). The levels of CX3CL1, CXCL2, CCL8, and TNF-α were all positively correlated with SOFA scores. ConclusionOur findings revealed that excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in neonatal sepsis. In addition, chemokines significantly increased the recruitment of immune cells after infection to participate in the anti-infection defense of neonates, but this could lead to damage.