Titanium and its alloys, the most commonly used materials for dental and orthopaedic implants are generally coated with bioactive materials such as sol-gel derived titania, silica and calcium phosphate in order to render these materials bioactive. In the present work a coating containing nanosized titania particles having anatase structure was developed on titanium substrate by thermal decomposition of titanium tetrachloride in isopropanol. A modified titania-silica mixed oxide coating was developed by incorporating the required amount of silica in the coating system. The presence of silica at small weight percentage caused improvement of adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating. In vitro bioactivity tests were performed in 1.5 Kokubo's simulated body fluid after alkaline treatment of the titania/titania-silica coatings and the performance was compared with that of the titania coating developed by simple thermal oxidation. TF-XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDAX were used to investigate the microstructural morphology and crystallinity of the coatings. Elemental analysis of simulated body fluid was carried out using ICP-AES and spectrophotometry. Enhanced biogrowth was facilitated on the titania coating incorporated with low silica content.

Supersaturation of calcium and phosphate in the bath solution and activation of the metal substrate is essential for effective biomimetic growth of apatite on orthopedic implants. In this work, bioactivation of titanium surface was achieved by electrodeposition of a thin layer of calcium phosphate followed by an alkaline treatment to obtain pure hydroxyapatite crystals. The influence of calcium gluconate in the electrolyte solution was evaluated and optimized. Adhesive strength, thickness, structural, and surface characteristics were evaluated. A highly adhesive and uniform layer of hydroxyapatite was formed on titanium surface when the electrodeposition was carried out with an electrolyte solution-containing calcium gluconate. The electrodeposited hydroxyapatite coatings were subjected for biomimetic growth in Kokubo's simulated body fluid (SBF) and Kokubo's modified SBF containing 1.5 times higher concentration of Ca. Biomimetic growth was also improved by the addition of calcium gluconate in the SBF solution.

The outstanding physico-chemical characteristics to assist bone regeneration and cell development, titanium dioxide (TiO2) based materials have showed significant promise for applications in implants. Due to its excellent performance in a wide variety of applications, chemical stability, and inexpensive cost, this metal oxide has received the more attention. Coating techniques for creating surfaces made of this substance have been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this review article is to look at the current status of TiO2 technology for orthopedic and dental implants. Over the years, researchers have investigated several TiO2 coating deposition techniques on metal implants, with the goal of improving adhesion strength and long-term dependability. This review examines a variety of TiO2 deposition techniques on metal substrates in depth. Anodization, sol-gel method, plasma spray coating, cold spray coating, high velocity oxy-fuel spray, high velocity suspension flame spraying, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), ion beam deposition (IBD), magnetron sputtering deposition, electrophoretic deposition (EPD), electrochemical deposition and biomimetic deposition are among the methods examined.

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