Sugarcane-borers complex in Indonesia consists of a shoot borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis) and four stem borers (Chilo sacchariphagus, C. auricilius, Sesamia inferens and Tetramoera schistaceana). Control of these borers is carried out biologically through the release of egg parasitoid Trichogramma spp. There are four species of mass-produced egg parasitoids and are used in the borer control program, namely Trichogramma japonicum, T. chilonis, T. nanum, and T. minutum. During this time, to measure the level of effectiveness of egg parasitoid releases was through the level of stalk damage. The effectiveness of the release of egg parasitoid should be measured through the mortality rate of borer eggs or parasitization level by the parasitoid. The observations in sugar cane plantations with release and without release of the Trichogramma spp. showed that releases of T. japonicum and T. chilonis were not effective in causing borer egg mortality. The level of parasitization of the borers’ eggs in both plantations was not significantly different, and the parasitization of sugarcane borer eggs was observed mostly due to natural egg parasitoid species, such as Tetrastichus sp., Telenomus sp., and T. chilonis. Biological control of the sugarcane borer complex by mass release of egg parasitoid needs to be reviewed.

<p>Pengelolaan serangga hama dalam good agricultural practices (GAP) menerapkan cara-cara memproduksi tanaman yang berkualitas dengan menggunakan metode-metode pengelolaan serangga hama yang dapat meningkatkan keragaman genetik, keanekaragaman hayati dan habitatnya, serta terhadap struktur sosial dan komunitas pedesaan. Strategi ‘tolak-tarik’ (‘push-pull’ strategy) merupakan salah satu teknik pengenda-lian hama yang berprinsip pada komponen pengendalian non-toksik, sehingga dapat diintegrasikan dengan metode-metode lain yang dapat menekan perkembangan populasi hama dengan meningkatkan peran mu-suh alami pada pertanaman. Penelitian tanaman perangkap untuk pengendalian serangga tanaman temba-kau cerutu besuki dilaksanakan di Desa Antirogo, Kecamatan Sumbersari, Jember pada bulan Agustus–De-sember 2008. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tanaman jarak kepyar, sorgum, dan kacang hijau sebagai ta-naman penarik yang ditanam secara berlajur sebanyak satu atau dua baris di antara delapan baris tanaman tembakau. Sebagai pembanding adalah tanaman tembakau monokultur dengan penyemprotan insektisida secara berjadwal setiap empat hari sejak 10–50 HST dan petak kontrol, yaitu tanaman monokultur tanpa pe-ngendalian hama sama sekali. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan yang diulang lima kali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih tanaman perangkap yang dapat digunakan da-lam program pengendalian hama cerutu besuki secara terpadu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanam-an jarak kepyar, sorgum, dan kacang hijau dapat digunakan sebagai tanaman perangkap, sehingga populasi hama pada tembakau dapat ditekan hingga 50% dan diperoleh produksi daun basah (8,62–9,17 ton/ha vs 8,42 ton/ha) dan kerosok (1,01–1,07 ton/ha vs 0,96 ton/ha) dengan mutu yang lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol (indeks mutu: 62,5–64,4 vs 62,1). Penggunaan kacang hijau memberikan produksi kerosok dengan mutu baik tertinggi, sehingga memberikan penerimaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lain. Pe-nyemprotan insektisida secara berjadwal untuk mengendalikan serangga hama tembakau cerutu besuki na-oogst merupakan tindakan pengendalian yang tidak efektif dan juga tidak efisien, karena sasaran serangga hama tidak tepat, sehingga terjadi pemborosan biaya input.</p><p> </p><p>Pest management in good agricultural practices concept use methods of qualified crop production processes with considering increasing genetic diversity, biodiversity and its habitat as well as social structure and village community. Push-and-pull strategy is a pest control method with a non-toxic method principal so that it can be integrated with other methods to suppress pest population and increase natural enemies’ populationin the ecosystems. Research on trap crops used for controlling insect pests on besuki-cigar tobaccowas conducted on besuki-cigar tobacco fields planted after rice (na-oogst) in Jember on August–December2008. In this research activity we used castor, sorghum, and mungbean as trap crops, each was intercroppedin one or two rows between eight rows of tobacco plants. We used monoculture tobacco plants withscheduled sprays of chemical insecticide, i.e. 4 days-spray interval on 10–50 days after planting and controlplots without any insect pest control for comparison with the use of trap crops. The research was arrangedin randomized block design with five treatments and five replicates. The aim of the research is to choose asuitable trap crop used in pest management of besuki cigar tobacco. The results showed that castor, sorghum,and mungbean could be use as trap crops to suppress insect pests population up to 25% on tobaccoplants and would give leaf production (1.01–1.07 ton/ha vs 0,96 ton cured leaves/ha) with a better quality(quality index: 62.5–64.4 vs 62.1) than those of control. Mungbean is the best trap crop as it gives a highestleaf production with a better quality, so that gives a better income than those of other treatments. Scheduledchemical insecticide sprays to control insect pest on na-oogst-besuki cigar tobacco was not either effectiveor efficient, because the target pest was not right, so that causing a wasteful input cost.</p>

Understanding the diversity of arthropods in a crop ecosystem could be used as a basis to develop pest management in the crop cultivation. The insect pest management system for ramie has not been developed intensively in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of arthropods associated with ramie plantation. The research was done using a survey method in ramie plantations at Wonosobo, Central Java from August 2020 to March 2021. The survey method applied was direct and indirect observations. Direct observations were made visually, and indirect observations was using traps and sweep-nets. Observations were done at the age of plants 1-8 weeks. The results showed that arthropods associated with ramie plantations belong to eight orders, 26 families, and 45 species which were as herbivores, parasitoids, predators, pollinators, and decomposers. The diversity index was in the high category (H’ = 3.08 – 3.47), and the community evenness index was in the stable category (E = 0.81-0.93). Insects with herbivorous status had not caused significant damage to the plants, so that the ramie plantation in Wonosobo did not need any insect pest control actions.

<p>Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi kapas dalam negeri adalah serangan serangga hama. Hama utama tanaman kapas adalah wereng kapas, <em>Amrasca biguttulla</em>. Pengendalian wereng kapas dengan pe-nyemprotan insektisida berakibat pada meningkatnya populasi penggerek buah. Pemanfaatan predator dan parasitoid wereng kapas merupakan solusi pengendalian yang tepat. Penggunaan atraktan untuk mening-katkan populasi predator dan parasitoid pada pertanaman kapas akan meningkatkan peran musuh alami sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik yang efektif. Ekstrak tanaman, terutama yang berupa minyak atsiri, telah banyak digunakan sebagai atraktan musuh alami, tetapi belum banyak yang menggunakannya sebagai atrak-tan musuh alami wereng kapas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ekstrak beberapa tanaman yang diduga dapat berfungsi sebagai atraktan bagi parasitoid telur dan predator wereng kapas di laboratorium dengan pengujian secara olfaktometri dan mengujinya di lapangan dengan menggunakan metode perangkap yang dilengkapi dispenser untuk atraktan. Pengujian di lapangan dilakukan pada pertanaman kapas. Ekstrak tanaman yang diuji adalah daun kapas yang telah terinfestasi oleh <em>A. biguttulla</em>, batang dan daun jagung, dan daun teh hitam (<em>Melalaeuca brachteata</em>) dengan menggunakan pelarut organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang <em>A. biguttulla</em> dan daun teh hitam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai atraktan parasitoid telur wereng kapas. Parasitoid telur menunjukkan respon positif terhadap minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang A. biguttulla dan daun teh hitam dalam uji olfaktometri di laboratorium. Pada uji lapangan, peningkatan populasi parasitoid dengan penam-bahan kedua atraktan tersebut dapat mencapai 176% dibandingkan kontrol. Minyak atsiri dari ekstrak tanaman yang diuji tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap predator jenis kumbang kubah, kumbang kembara, kepik mirid, dan sayap jala.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The Use of Plant Extract for Attractant of Predators and Parasitoids of Cotton LeafhopperCotton production is restricted by pest attack. The key pest of cotton is cotton leafhopper,<em> Amrasca biguttula</em>. Aerial spray to control of this pest caused the increase of bollworm population. Therefore, the use of parasitoids and predators could be a proper method to control the leafhoppers. The use of attractant to in-crease predator and parasitoid population on cotton field would also increase the role of those natural enemies as an effective biotic mortality factor. Plant extracts, especially in the form of essential oils, have been used as attractants for the natural enemies; however attractant for natural enemies of cotton leafhopper has not been intensively developed. Therefore, this research aims were to evaluate some plant extracts that may function as an attractant for egg parasitoid and predators of cotton leafhopper in laboratory tests using olfactometry method, and also to test the effectiveness of the attractant in increasing population of parasi-toids and predators in cotton fields. The plant extracts were of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves, maize stalks and leaves, and <em>Melalaeuca brachteata</em> leaves, using organic solvents. Results showed that the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves could be used as an attractant for the hopper egg parasitoids. The parasitoids showed positive response to the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves in olfactometry tests. The use of those attractants in cotton fields increased parasitoid population by 179% compared to the control. Essential oils of the tested pants did not have any effect on predators, such as ladybird beetles, staphylinid beetles, mirid bugs, as well as lacewings.</p><p>Keywords: Essential oils, attractant, parasitoid, predator, cotton leafhopper.</p>

Rhinoceros beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is known as a phytophagous insect found associating with Agave spp. and has the potential to become a pest in crop cultivation. Agave is a fiber-producing plant utilized in natural fiber-based industries. This research was carried out with the aim to determine the effect of rhinoceros beetle infestation associated with three species of agave plants which are accessions from agave germplasm collection of ISFCRI. The study was conducted at Karangploso Research Station, Malang, Indonesia. Observations were made in 2017 on three species of agave plants, namely Agave angustifolia (4 accessions), A. cantala (14 accessions), and A. sisalana (7 accessions). Rhinoceros beetle infested the plant by boring into young leaves that are still rolled up and if it reached the growing point, it could cause the plant to die. Plant damage that occurs in all three agave plant species indicates that rhinoceros beetle infestation occurs in all three species Agave. The beetle preference for A. angustifolia is relatively high compared to the other two species. The high preference for A. angustifolia is presumably due to the high sugar content in plant stems (pina), which is the consumption target of rhinoceros beetle in infesting agave plantations.