Stakeholder theory and stakeholder engagement (SE) concepts have been widely used in management and marketing literature. In this study, we extend the SE concept to investigate value creation and management in Indian management education. Specifically, for an Indian management institute, we (a) define value, (b) identify nine value categories in which value can be created and managed, (c) advance a SE approach in creating and managing value, (d) identify and categorize value measures as contiguous and future measures, and (e) recognize the resources and capabilities needed to create and manage value. This is the first study in the Indian context to focus on value creation and management through the SE perspective. We conclude the study by discussing the implications of the proposed value categorizations for an Indian management institute and identifying areas for future research.

Macerating enzymes breaks long chain compounds during maceration for extraction of industrially important phytomolecules. Cellulase is an important class of enzyme which helps in the extraction process of phytomolecules such as carotenoids, camptothecin from their natural sources as macerating enzyme. The extraction of phytoconstituents like carotenoids, camptothecin holds high commercial value. The uses of macerating enzymes help to the extraction process of phytomolecules and increase its yield. Quality of the product is also improved in terms of stability, texture and viscosity. Camptothecin is an important drug with potential anti-cancer activity. In this work, the effect of cellulase on the extraction of carotenoid from carrot, tomato and sweet potato have been studied. As a pioneer work, the production of camptothecin from endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger has been carried out using cellulase. The quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical important phytomolecules such as carotenoids and camptothecin were performed using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, HPLC with respective standard compounds. Carotenoid extraction was made from tomato, carrot and sweet potato with cellulose enzyme found 2.5±0.25µg/g, 2.2 ±0.18µg/g, 18± 1.75 µg/g respectively. Carotenoid extracted from carrot using enzyme yielded 1.47 times higher amount of carotenoid than that of without enzyme. Carotenoid extracted from tomato, showed the maximum difference of being 7.3 times higher with enzyme than without enzyme. The another industrially important phytomolecule camptothecin extraction was made from Aspergillus niger with cellulase enzyme yielded 0.5512 mg/g which is more than the camptothecin, extracted without enzyme (0.175 mg/g). Thus, it was observed that the use of cellulase enhanced the yield of both carotenoid and camptothecin from natural sources such as plants and fungi. Keywords: Camptothecin; Carotenoid; Cellulase enzyme; Extraction; HPLC

Objective: Camptothecin (CPT) is an alkaloid produced by endophytic fungi, and it acts against colon, uterine, and lung cancers as drug. Macerating enzyme cellulase is used to increase the extraction yield of CPT. The cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of CPT are being studied to aid in discovering its beneficial properties and its use as a lead compound in pharmacological industries.Methods: In this work, the extraction of CPT from the endophytic fungi is enhanced using the crude enzyme cellulase obtained from Aspergillus niger. CPT was extracted from A. niger by two ways such as using macerating enzyme cellulase (CWME) and without macerating enzyme (CWOME). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out to characterize the extracted CPT against standard CPT. The yields of CPT extracted both ways were compared. Cytotoxicity of the extracted CPTs was studied against Vero cells. The anticancer activity of CPT was tested against the breast cancer cell line (MCF7).Results: The extracted compound was confirmed to be CPT using HPLC. The yield of CPT extracted with enzyme was more than that extracted without enzyme. The extracted CPT was found to be safe up to 1000 μg/ml against Vero cells. The IC50 value of the CWME was found to be 62.5 μg/ml compared to the CWOME (IC50 125 μg/ml) against the MCF7 cell line, thus inferring that the anticancer activity of CWME was higher than that of CWOME.Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that cellulase helps to increase the extraction yield of CPT from A. niger. CPT is safe against normal cell line and exhibits anticancer properties against MCF7.