In this study, monodisperse polystyrene nanospheres were prepared by dispersion polymerization using alcohol as reaction medium to prepare colloidal clusters of the latex beads. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MTC) were used as dispersion stabilizer and comonomer, respectively. The particle size could be controlled by adjusting the reactant compositions such as the amount of stabilizer, comonomer, and water in the reactant mixture. The size and monodispersity of the polymeric particles could be also controlled by changing the reaction medium with different alcohols other than ethanol or adjusting the polymerization temperature. The synthesized particles could be self-organized inside water-in-oil emulsion droplets by evaporation-driven self-assembly to produce colloidal clusters of the polymeric nanospheres.

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In the paper we discuss the role of the axial U (1)A symmetry in the chiral phase transition using the U (N f )R × U (N f )L linear sigma model with two massless quark flavors. It is expected that above a certain temperature the axial U (1)A symmetry will be restored. A string-like static solution, the η string can be formed and detected in the ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision process.

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