As a significant supplier of labour migrants, Southeast Asia presents itself as an important site for the study of children in transnational families who are growing up separated from at least one migrant parent and sometimes cared for by 'other mothers'. Through the often-neglected voices of left-behind children, we investigate the impact of parental migration and the resulting reconfiguration of care arrangements on the subjective well-being of migrants' children in two Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia and the Philippines. We theorise the child's position in the transnational family nexus through the framework of the 'care triangle', representing interactions between three subject groups- 'left-behind' children, non-migrant parents/other carers; and migrant parent(s). Using both quantitative (from 1010 households) and qualitative (from 32 children) data from a study of child health and migrant parents in Southeast Asia, we examine relationships within the caring spaces both of home and of transnational spaces. The interrogation of different dimensions of care reveals the importance of contact with parents (both migrant and nonmigrant) to subjective child well-being, and the diversity of experiences and intimacies among children in the two study countries.

Elderly care services are important to provide in response to the rapid growth of the elderly population. In developing countries like Indonesia, the speed of growth of the elderly population does not simultaneously occur, so the needs for care services vary. This study discusses the emergence of home care services in response to the increase in elderly population. By taking the case of community home care services in Sleman, this study found the pattern and process of the emergence of local initiatives in home care services. This study also revealed an important factor affecting the implementation of community home care services, that is, leadership.

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International migration from Indonesia is dominated by labor migration and a significant share of unauthorized migration and female migration. The Center for Overseas Employment and the Ditjen Binawas Depnaker, Direktorat Jenderal Pembinaan dan Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan are in charge of Indonesian overseas labor migration. The Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration is responsible for collecting data on stock estimates of immigrants and emigrants, annual inflows and outflows, and characteristics of immigrants and emigrants. The Bank of Indonesia and the Ministry of Manpower gather information on remittances. There is no government agency which collects information on return migration. The publication of detailed reports and electronic accessibility of data can further improve data dissemination on international migration.