A lot of modalities for assessing implant stability are available for clinicians, but they fail to assess trabecular changes as they are solely dependent on the operator’s skills. The use of Fractal Dimension (FD) has evolved to be used as a measure for trabecular changes depicting implant stability before and after implant placement. The objective of this systematic review was to qualitatively analyse the available scientific literature describing the use of FD as a tool to measure implant stability on the basis of trabecular changes. An electronic search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was carried out using relevant keywords, such as: fractal dimension; fractal analysis; dental implants; implant stability; osseointegration, etc. Studies reporting the use of FD as a tool to measure implant stability were included and subjected to qualitative analysis using ROBINS-I and Cochrane risk of bias assessment criteria. Fourteen studies were included in this review. Results showed that FD was found to be used solely as a measure of implant stability in seven studies, out of which six studies showed an increment in FD values. The majority of studies concluded with a statistical correlation between FD and respective other assessment methods used. FD may not serve as a sole indicator of implant stability; however, it can be used as an adjunct to conventional methods along with additional fractal factors.

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Viswavidyalaya for preparation of osmotically dehydrated tender jackfruit cube. India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables after China, but 70% of fruits and vegetables output is wasted, accounting for 40% of the total cost. Jackfruit is one of the leading wasted commodities in India. Due to presence of high moisture content, the fruit is very perishable in nature and being a bulky fruit its transportation is not very easy and is costly as well. Keeping the above points in view, the present investigation was carried out to make this nutritious food available through out the year, to check its rapid wastage and to increase its shelf life. For the preparation of osmotically dehydrated jackfruit cube, independent variables were Salt concentration (1-15%), time (30.00-240.00 min) and Ca(OH) 2 concentration (0 and 1%), and the response variable were Water loss (%), mass reduction (%), change in dry matter content (%), water activity and rehydration ratio. For this experiment the highest amount of water loss (90.54%) was observed in run 13, mass reduction was highest (91.61%) in Run 18, highest amount of Change in dry matter (37.26%) was found in run 19 and rehydration ratio (3.77) was in Run 10. The lowest amount of water activity (0.724 a w), was observed in run 15. For the evaluation of storage study of immature jackfruit cube, water activity, rehydration ratio and total plate count were estimated as experimental parameter and was recorded for 6 month at 1 month interval.