ABSTRACT

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Abstract. Sari YP, Kustiawan W, Sukartiningsih, Ruchaemi A. 2017. Short Communication: The potential of secondary metabolites of Myrmecodia tuberosa from different host trees. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 170-174. Ant-plants (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.) is a medicinal plant that could potentially inhibit cancer cell growth. Ant-plants is epiphytic plants whose commonly life was attached to the host tree. Several information from local people stated that ant-plants attaching to different host trees possesses different active compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites of each parts of ant-plants including leaves, stems and tubers from different tree hosts i.e mango and durian. Result from phytochemical analysis showed that ant-plants living in mango and durian trees positively contained the metabolic compounds including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroid/triterpenoid. The Total of Phenolic Content (TPC) and the Total of Flavonoids Content (TFC) on the leaves of ant-plants was higher than that in tubers or stems of ant-plants derived from both host trees i.e mango and durian. The value of TPC and TFC of the ant-plants leaves derived from the durian host tree (319.33 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g and 272.33 ± 0.02 mg CE/g) was higher than those from mango host trees (172.80 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g and 162,83 ± 0.01 mg CE/g). Ant-plants, whose life was attached to a different host tree, had the same content of secondary metabolites although those quantities were different in each host trees. Therefore, ant-plants from different host trees could be used as a medicinal plant by concerning the amount of used extract for effectiveness medicinal purposes.

Abstract. Toma T, Warsudi, Osone Y, Sutedjo, Sato T, Sukartiningsih. 2017. Sixteen years changes in tree density and aboveground biomass of a logged and burned dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1159-1167. Changes in tree density and aboveground biomass (AGB) of a logged and burned lowland dipterocarp forest were monitored in Bukit Soeharto Research and Education Forest (BSREF) of Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. A 9-ha plot was established in 1997 to investigate the effect of second felling and the subsequent recovery. Experimental felling was conducted in October 1997, and the plot was burned by uncontrolled fires between February and April 1998. Stem diameter of living trees (diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm) in the plot was recorded annually. Allometric functions and the annual tree inventory were used to estimate changes in AGB. Tree density in the 9-ha plot was 429 trees ha −1 before the experimental felling.This decreased to 76 trees ha −1 in 2000 because of the felling and fires. Tree density increased to 515 trees ha −1 until 2008 and then decreased to 408 trees ha −1 in 2014. AGB of the 9-ha plot was 279 Mg ha −1 in 1997,which decreased to 96 Mg ha −1 in 2000 and then increased to 139 Mg ha −1 in 2014. After 16 years of the 1998 fires, in 2014, BSREF consists of a mosaic of forest stands that are dominated by either large late successional tree species or small pioneer trees. The former stands consisted of numerous late successional tree species that survived the felling and fires. The latter stands were dominated by a few pioneer species. In 2016, 16 years after the fire, these pioneer dominating stands are now undergoing a transitional stage from pioneer to late successional trees that grow longer and larger than the pioneer trees. Logged and burned forest stands may recover their AGB comparable to that of the original forest (≥400 Mg ha −1 ), if these stands are saved from further logging and fires in the longterm.

Masalah pangan adalah keadaan kelebihan pangan, kekurangan pangan dan/atau ketidakmampuan rumah tangga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan. Masih adanya penduduk miskin, daerah rawanpangan, produksi pangan dihasilkan tidak merata antar wilayah dan sepanjang waktu, potensi SDA yang berbeda di masing-masing daerah akan berpengaruh terhadap distribusi dan pasokan bahan pangan. Oleh sebab itu, peranan distribusi pangan yang terjangkau dan merata sepanjang waktu akan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan akses pangan bagi setiap rumah tangga di dalam memenuhi kecukupan pangannya. Tujuan penelitian ini sendiri adalah untuk mendapatkan data terkait pengaruh mata rantai pendistribusian pangan terhadap keamanan pangan, mutu pangan dan ketersediaan pangan di 3 kota besar yakni Samarinda, Balikpapan dan Tarakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian survai dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian wawancara terbuka (Open-Ended) dan observasi. Analisisdata menggunakan analisis deskriptif, yakni setelah data diklasifikasikan dalam bentuk tabel dan bagan, kemudian dideskripsikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan mata rantai pendistribusian yang terjadi di 3 kota tersebut dalam kategori panjang. Pengaruhnya terhadap keamanan pangan adalah sulitnya kontrol terkait pencemaran yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Pengaruhnya terhadap mutu pangan adalah mutu bahan pangan akan menurun dengan bertambahnya waktu. Pengaruhnya terhadap ketersediaan pangan adalah jumlah yang cukup aman dan bergizi bagi semua orang.