Pigeon pea (<em>Cajanus cajan</em>) is potential as an alternative source of protein other than soybeans and is tolerant to dry conditions, but the cultivation of this plant has not been intensively carried out in Indonesia. This research aims to explore the characteristics of black pigeon pea and investigate the producing areas of black pigeon peas in Gunungkidul. Based on the field survey, 30 types of black pigeon peas were found. They were located in Pringapus and Klopoloro 1 Hamlets. This research was conducted on March-June 2018 in Yogyakarta. The observation variables in this study include research environmental condition and plant morphology, for examples, stems, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. Morphological data were analyzed using NTSYS program. The results show that the height of pigeon pea plants ranged from 63 to 176 cm, the number of branches ranged from 18 to 35, the colors of stem were green to purple and the stem thickness was &gt;13 mm. The similiarity of the coefficient value of pigeon peas in Pringapus ranged between 84% and 95%, while the similarity in Klopoloro 1 varied between 80% and 97%.

<p>Kacang gude (Cajanus cajan) termasuk dalam tanaman kacang-kacangan yang memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk ketahanan pangan karena kaya akan protein, karbohidrat, dan memiliki toleransi tinggi terhadap stres lingkungan. Informasi tentang kacang gude di Indonesia masih minim sehingga perlu dilakukan eksplorasi dan karakterisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari keragaman karakter kacang Gude Putih (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) di Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sidokarto, Doho, dan Gambiran, Kecamatan Girimarto, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Variabel yang diamati meliputi morfologi batang, daun, bunga, polong, dan biji. Data morfologis dianalisis menggunakan uji chi kuadrat dan program NTSYS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik morfologi kacang Gude Putih di tiga lokasi di Wonogiri memiliki variasi genetik. Karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, dan ketebalan batang di ketiga lokasi memiliki hasil yang beragam sedangkan karakter lainnya memiliki hasil yang seragam. Hasil analisis hubungan antara lokasi dan karakter kacang Gude Putih bersifat signifikan pada beberapa karakter termasuk tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, dan ketebalan batang. Koefisien kesamaan tanaman kacang Gude Putih di tiga lokasi di Wonogiri berkisar antara 83–87% hingga 100%. Nilai koefisien keragaman pada kisaran 13–17%, menunjukkan bahwa keragaman kacang Gude Putih di tiga lokasi tersebut memiliki keanekaragaman yang sempit.</p>

<p><a name="_Hlk39513249"></a><span lang="EN-US">Raja Bulu is one of the banana varieties favored by the community because of its thick fruit flesh and sweet taste. However, its parthenocarpic characteristic and vegetative propagation make this banana variety has limited genetic variation. Attempt to improve the genetic variation was conducted through induced mutation breeding using gamma-ray mutagens. This research aimed to select M1V1 generation of Raja Bulu banana (<em>Musa paradisiaca</em> Linn.) obtained by gamma rays’ irradiation for their growth traits which are expected to produce banana varieties that have an early maturity and high yield. This study used a randomized complete block design without replication by observing the generative growth of each individual of Raja Bulu banana irradiated by gamma rays and without radiation as a control. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation treatment caused Raja Bulu banana to be harvested earlier and produced higher fruit weight than controls. The gamma-ray irradiation had a random influence on Raja Bulu bananas. The 10 Gy gamma-ray irradiation dosage influenced the morphological diversity in the generative phase of Raja Bulu banana. The treatment of gamma irradiation resulted in 5 individual plants that flowered and matured earlier as compared to controls</span><span lang="IN">.</span></p>

Abstract. Setyowati A, Sukaya, Yuniastuti E. 2018. Morphological and cytological analysis of yellow skin dragon fruit (Selenicereus megalanthus). Cell Biol Dev 2: 8-14. Dragon fruit is a tropical fruit that has the potential to be developed. Information on morphological and cytological characters of dragon fruit plants is still small and simple, so morphological and cytological analysis is necessary. The morphological and cytological analysis yielded useful information to support the dragon fruit plant breeding program. This study aims to study the morphological and cytological characteristics (karyotype) of the yellow skin dragon fruit (Selenicereus megalanthus (Schum. ex Vaupel) Moran). This study took samples from "Kusumo Wanadri Agrotourism" Glagah Indah Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Chromosomal identification was carried out at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia. The research was carried out from December 2006 to June 2008. The methods used were field observations and treatment methods in water for 24 hours at a temperature of 5-8ºC, fixation in 45% acetic acid solution for 2 hours at a temperature of 5-8ºC, and hydrolysis in an aqueous solution. One (1) N HCl for 3-4 minutes at 60ºC, staining in 2% aceto-orcein solution for 24 hours at 5-8ºC and squashing. Morphological and cytological data were analyzed and presented descriptively. The morphology of the plant S. megalanthus is a white thread-shaped root with a fibrous plant root system. The stem is a smooth, faceted wet stem with concave edges. The fruit is oval, surrounded by short spines, the skin is yellow, and the flesh is white. The S. megalanthus has a tetraploid chromosome 2n = 4X = 44 with a chromosome length ranging from 2 + 0.098 m to 4.75 + 0.98 m. The karyotype formula for the S. megalanthus chromosome 2n = 4X = 44 = 40 m + 4 sm.