Abstract. Baderan DWK, Hamidun MS, Utina R, Rahim S, Dali R. 2019. The abundance and diversity of Mollusks in mangrove ecosystem at coastal area of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 987-993. The study reported in this paper sought to analyze the abundance and diversity of Mollusks species in the coastal mangrove areas of Panango in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data collected in the study lent support to policy making in reducing the loss of marine biotic species in the coastal mangrove areas. Data collection used stratified-random sampling method (plot size was 10 m x 10 m) with three plots at each research station was used. Data analyzed by Odum formula for abundance, Shannon Wiener index for diversity and evenness index for evenness. The samples were collected from 2 research station covering 15 sampling sites. This research found 14 families of mollusks comprised of 11 gastropod families (21 species) and bivalve families (3 types). The highest of the relative density was found in Terebralia sp (24,24%), and the lowest relative density was obtained (1,52%) in the following species: Spondylus violaceus, Conus sp., Semiricinula turbinoides, and Faunus ater. The diversity index of mollusks species (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) at the observation station was classified as a high category, indicating by H’ >3,32 (Station I H’= 2,19 and Station II H’= 2,12). The evenness value in range 0,4<e<0,6. This indicates that the Mollusks species found in the research site had a medium amount. This study suggests a need to regulate mangrove areas of Panango for sustainable mangrove ecosystems management.

Hutan mangrove Langge yang terdapat di Kecamatan Anggrek Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara memiliki keunikan dari pola zonasi dan keanekaragaman jenis. Hal ini yang menjadikan hutan mangrove di kawasan tersebut sebagai objek wisata tracking mangrove yang dikenal dengan nama “mangrove in love. Hutan mangrove memiliki berbagai fungsi ekologis yang sangat kompleks yakni sebagai daerah pemijahan  (spawing ground), tempat asuhan (nursery ground), dan tempat mencari makan (feeding ground) biota laut yang beraneka jenis dan memiliki fungsi ekonomis diantaranya buah mangrove dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk kue dan sumber pangan alternatif pengganti beras. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis mangrove asosiasi; 2) untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dari hutan mangrove Langge; dan 3) nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode jalur berpetak (kombinasi plot dan transek). Jumlah spesies yang ditemukan akan dilihat untuk menjadi dasar penentuan komposisi jenis. Untuk pengkuran struktur komunitas mangrove dengan melakukan perhitungan terhadap Kerapatan Relatif (KR) dan Frekuensi Relatif (FR). Selanjutnya data yang didapatkan ditabulasikan untuk memperoleh nilai Indeks Nilai Penting (INP). Perhitungan keanekaragaman jenis menggunakan rumus (Sannon-wienner). Hasil penelitian menemukan 12 spesies tumbuhan mangrove asosiasi yakni Acanthus spinosus, Chromolaena odorata, Crassocephalum sp, Calotropis gigantean, Ipomea pes-caprae, Ricinus communis Excoecaria agallocha, Scaevola taccada, Spinifex littoreus, Terminalia catappa, Derris trifoliate dan Nypa fruticans. Struktur komunitas menunjukkan Chromolaena odorata memiliki nilai INP sebesar 33,2%, Kerapatan Relatif sebesar 24,91%, dan Frekuensi Relatif sebesar 8,33%.  Spesies dengan nilai INP terendah dimiliki oleh Nypa fruticans yaitu sebesar 9,14%, Kerapatan Relatif sebesar 0,81%, dan Frekuensi Relatif sebesar 8,33%. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) mangrove asosiasi sebesar 2,175 dan termasuk dalam kriteria tingkat keanekaragaman sedang. Data yang diperoleh ini dapat digunakan dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Gorontalo Utara serta dapat menjadi database dalam usaha konservasi mangrove guna mengurangi efek pemanasan global.Langge mangrove forest located in the District of North Gorontalo District Orchid has a uniqueness of zoning patterns and keanekragaman types. This is what makes the mangrove forests in the region as a tourist attraction tracking mangrove known as the "mangrove in love. Mangrove forests have a variety of ecological functions is very complex which is a spawning area (spawing ground), point of care (nursery grounds), and foraging (feeding ground) various types of marine life and has the economic function of which pieces of mangrove can be processed into various products cake and alternative food sources instead of rice. This study aims to: 1) to determine the association of mangrove species composition; 2) to determine the community structure of mangrove forests Langge; and 3) the value of diversity index. The method used in this study is a terraced path method (combination of plots and transects). The composition of the types of views based on the number of species found. For sizing mangrove community structure by calculating the Relative Density (KR) and Relative Frequency (FR). Then the data obtained are tabulated to get the value of Importance Value Index (IVI). Calculation of species diversity using the formula (Sannon-wienner). The study found an association of twelve species of mangrove plants and the relative dominance (DR), then the data obtained are tabulated to get the value of Importance Value Index (IVI). Calculation of species diversity using the formula (Sannon-wienner). The study found an association of eight species of mangrove plants and the relative dominance (DR), then the data obtained are tabulated to get the value of Importance Value Index (IVI). Calculation of species diversity using the formula (Sannon-wienner). The study found an association of twelve species of mangrove plantsnamely Acanthus spinosus, Chromolaena odorata, Crassocephalum sp, Calotropis gigantean, Ipomea pes-caprae, Ricinus communis Excoecaria agallocha, Scaevola taccada, Spinifex littoreus, Terminalia catappa, Derris trifoliate dan Nypa fruticans. Community structure showed Chromolaena odorata has a value of IVI of 33,2%, amounting to 24,91% Relative Density and Relative Frequency of 8,33%. The species with the lowest IVI owned by Nypa fruticans that is equal to 9,14%, 0,81% Relative Density and Relative Frequency of 8,33%. Values Diversity Index (H ') at 2.175 and mangrove associates included in the criteria for a medium level of diversity. The data obtained can be used in the management of mangrove forests in North Gorontalo and can be a database of mangrove conservation efforts to reduce the effects of global warming.

This journal aims to determine the effect of regional fiscal capacity on climate change action budgeting commitments. The research method used is a quantitative method with a statistical test approach to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that the local government's fiscal capacity of Gorontalo Regency has a significant positive direct influence on climate change action budgeting commitments.

Abstract. Rahim S, Baderan DWK, Hamidun MS. 2017. The density, composition and mangrove forest habitat in coastal areas of Torosiaje Jaya Village, Gorontalo,. The ecosystem of mangrove is a quite good ecosystem which is located in Torosiaje Jaya Village of Popayato Subdistrict, Pohuwato District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. This because of the beach in the coastal of Torosiaje Jaya Village is a gently sloping beach. Further, this beach has deposited sediment and it is formed a promontory grave that causes that mangrove in that region grows large and relatively fertile. In addition, the mangrove which is located in Pohuwato has fairly high various species. One of them is found from Avicenniaceae family namely Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. This study aims to (i) obtain the information about the density of the mangrove; (ii) to determine the composition of mangrove species in coastal areas of Torosiaje Jaya Village; and (iii) to know the habitat of the species which is found in coastal areas Torosiaje Jaya Village. Besides, the data were collected by purposive sampling. Moreover, for the measurement of density, distribution type, diameter trees, and mangrove vegetation height use a distance method (Point-Centered Quarter Method). Further, the composition types of views are based on the number species are found, and to obtain the data of the habitat conditions of the species which has discovered is using a direct observation in the field by a tree and laboratory test sample originating from soil samples in the study sites. Moreover, the result of this study finds the four species of tree which dominates the mangrove in Torosiaje Jaya Village. They are Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora stylosa with a density value of 51.55 trees/3 ha with an average distance of 581.94 m/tree. B. gymnorrhiza and R. mucronata are species that dominate in the region due to supply mud as suitable habitat with its growth, besides it is affected by the substrate of mangroves in the Torosiaje Jaya Village it is also affected by salinity and temperature. Further, the data which have obtained, they can be used in a management of mangrove forest which located in the coastal of Torosiaje Jaya Village and they can also be data in mangrove conservation efforts in order to reduce the effects of global warming.

Gorontalo City is one of the regions in Gorontalo Province. Urban development and population growth, causing pressure on land use patterns. Changes in land use are carried out to meet the community's needs for infrastructure. At present, development in Gorontalo City is still ongoing. The increase in temperature is expected to continue and can trigger heat island. This is very important to be studied for the Gorontalo City development planning that is more environmentally friendly. This study aims to analyze the heat island phenomenon through the relationship of the spatial distribution of surface temperature with various types of land cover and vegetation characteristics. The object of this research is the Gorontalo City area on Landsat path-row 121- 65 satellite imagery media. The research material is the wavelength of visible light, near-infrared and moderate infrared and thermal wavelengths on satellite imagery of Landsat TM and OLI TIRS. The results showed an increase in temperature in Gorontalo City since 1990, 2003, and 2017. The correlation between surface temperature and land cover is negative. The value of the correlation coefficient (r) in 1990 was -0.41. The correlation coefficient (r) in 2003 was -0.448. The correlation coefficient (r) in 2017 is -0.402. Changes in surface temperature in Gorontalo City are influenced by changes in the land cover which is marked by the similarity of patterns of changes in surface temperature distribution with patterns of land cover changes.