We present a subjective list of the Recent, free-living, non-marine ostracods species and genera of the world, with their distribution in the large zoogeographical regions, as well as a list of genera in their present hierarchical taxonomic position. Based on the recognised synonymies, there are at present about 2090 species in c. 209 genera. About half of all species occur in one family, the Cyprididae, which is especially common in the southern Hemisphere. We give three new names for extant homonyms (Cypretta bradyi nom. nov., Cypria kliei nom. nov. and Physocypria dadayi nom. nov.), propose one new combination and one new synonymy and elevate the rank of the tribe Mytilocypridini to that of subfamily (with the same diagnosis).

The Cypricercinae are one of the most speciose subfamilies of non-marine ostracods, with more than 170 described species, mostly from the tropics. Although the identity of the subfamily as such is clear, because of the presence of unifying characters such as the Triebel's loop in the attachment of the caudal ramus, the supra-specific taxonomy of this group has long been confused because of lack of good generic and tribal characters. Here, the generic characters of the Cypricercinae are revised. Eleven genera are retained in this subfamily, including three new genera: Bradleytriebella n. gen., Nealecypris n. gen. and Pseudostrandesia n. gen. Tanycypris siamensis n.sp. is described from Thailand. In addition, five species [Bradleystrandesia fuscata (Jurine, 1820), Bradleytriebella tuberculata (Hartmann, 1964), Nealecypris obtusa (Klie, 1933), Pseudostrandesia striatoreticulata (Klie, 1932), Spirocypris horrida (Sars, 1926)] are redescribed. A key to the genera is given. We propose three tribes: the nominal tribe Cypricercini McKenzie, 1971, as well as two new tribes, Bradleystrandesiini n. trib. and Nealecypridini n. trib. To evaluate the systematic relationships within this subfamily, phylogenetic analyses, based on morphological characters of valves and soft parts, were conducted. The Neighbour Joining (NJ) tree strongly supports the classification into three independent tribes, whereas the Maximum Parsimony (MP) tree shows that Bradleystrandesiini n. trib is actually a subgroup of the Cypricercini.

We redescribe Cypricercus cuneatus Sars, 1895 and Strandesia mercatorum (Vavra, 1895), type species of their genera, in order to reassess the taxonomic position of species in Cypricercus s.l. and Strandesia s.l., as well as to clarify the distinction between Cypricercus s.s. and Strandesia s.s. The morphology, taxonomy and zoogeography of these two genera are discussed. Strandesia amati (Martens, 1984) is synonymised with Strandesia lineata Victor & Fernando, 1981. Strandesia trispinosa galantis Broodbakker, 1983 becomes a synonym of the nominotypical form. Cypricercus inermis (Brady, 1904) is herewith redescribed and reinstated as a valid species, not synonymous to the type species of the genus as was previously thought. One Cypricercus (C. salinus De Deckker, 1981) and eleven Strandesia (S. crassa Klie, 1939, S. dani George & Martens, 1993, S. decorata (Sars, 1903), S. lineata Victor & Fernando, 1981, S. parva Hartmann, 1964, S. tolimensis Roessler, 1990, S. trichurensis Victor et al., 1980, S. trispinosa (Pinto & Purper, 1965), S. tuberculata Hartmann, 1964, S. umbonata Victor & Fernando, 1981, S. weberi (Moniez, 1892)) are allocated to Bradleystrandesia. Cypricercus mongolicus Daday, 1909 is transferred to Eucypris. Cypricercus xhosa sp. nov. is here described from South Africa. We also propose a conservative list of species belonging to Cypricercus s.s. and Strandesia s.s.

Species of the subfamily Cypricercinae collected from Thailand, mainly from the Northern Provinces, are here reported and/or (re-) described. Nineteen species, belonging to seven genera were found.  Six new species, Strandesia hornei sp. nov., Strandesia sanoamuangae sp. nov., Pseudostrandesia gaetani sp. nov., Pseudostrandesia ovata sp. nov., Pseudostrandesia phetchabunensis sp. nov. and Pseudostrandesia thailandensis sp. nov., are described. A species list of the Cypricercinae in Southeast Asia is given and the general distribution and ecology of the Cypricercinae from Thailand is briefly discussed.