Radio resource management (RRM) for future fifth-generation (5G) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has emerged as a critical area due to the increased density of small-cell networks and radio access technologies. Recent research has mostly concentrated on resource management, including spectrum utilization and interference mitigation, but the complexities of these resources have been given little attention. This paper provides an overview of the issues arising from future 5G systems and highlights their importance. The different approaches used in recently published surveys categorizing RRM schemes are discussed, and the survey method is presented. We report on a survey of HetNet RRM schemes that have been studied recently, with a focus on the joint optimization of radio resource allocation with other mechanisms. These RRM schemes were subcategorized according to their optimization metrics and qualitatively analyzed and compared. An analysis of the complexity of RRM schemes in terms of implementation and computation is presented. Several potential scopes of research for future RRM in 5G HetNets are also identified.

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<span lang="EN-MY">Distributed generation (DG) can be beneficially allocated in distribution power systems to improve the power system's efficiency. However, specious DG's allocation and sizing may cause more power loss and voltage profile issues for distribution feeders. Therefore, optimization algorithms are vital for future intelligent power distribution network planning. Hence, this study proposes a multi-objective firefly analytical hierarchy algorithm (FAHA) for determining the optimal allocation and sizing of DG. The multi-objective function formulation is improved further by integrating analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with FA to obtain the weight of the coefficient factor (CF). The performance of the proposed approach is verified on the 118-bus radial distribution network with different bus voltage at DG location (VDG) as regulated PV-bus during load flow calculations. The calculated CF and impact of the unregulated voltage at the PV-bus on the objectives function have been analysed. The findings show that the proposed techniques could allocate the DG at the most voltage deviation while minimizing the power loss and improving the radial distribution’s voltage stability index (VSI). The experimental results indicate that the approach is able to improve the overall voltage profile, especially at PQ-buses, minimize the power loss while improving the network's stability index simultaneously.</span>

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Abstract. This paper represents the impact of nanowires ratio of silicon nanowire transistors on the characteristics of 6-transistors SRAM cell. This study is the first to demonstrate nanowires ratio optimization of Nano-scale SiNWT Based SRAM Cell. Noise margins and inflection voltage of transfer characteristics are used as limiting factors in this optimization. Results indicate that optimization depends on both nanowires ratio and digital voltage level (V dd). And increasing of logic voltage level from 1V to 3V tends to decreasing in optimization ratio but with increasing in current and power. SRAM using nanowires transistors must use logic level (2V or 2.5V) to produce SRAM with lower dimensions and lower inflection currents and then with lower power consumption.