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E‐waste is the world's fastest‐growing waste stream, and it contains toxic chemicals that are harmful to human health. Research has shown that the vast majority of consumers are unwilling to dispose of e‐waste, preferring to keep obsolete products at home rather than returning them to manufacturers for recycling. Despite the evident importance of this area of research, there is yet to be a systematic assessment of e‐waste disposal behaviour that summarises the relationships among constructs in the forms of antecedents, decisions, and consequences from the perspective of consumer behaviour. With this knowledge gap in mind, the current paper's goal is to provide a comprehensive examination of available studies on consumer e‐waste disposal behaviour. In particular, the purpose is to promote e‐waste disposal behaviour by looking at how such behaviour has been utilised as a construct in the literature and what theories, contexts, characteristics, and methodological approaches have been used to strengthen this behaviour. Towards this aim, we used VOSviewer to examine N = 43 research publications on e‐waste disposal behaviour published in Scopus‐indexed journals between 2000 and 2021, noting discrepancies, identifying major research gaps, and developing comprehensive research agendas (provided in the form of testable propositions).

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This study explores the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the economic context to identify how macro-level economic decisions affect the micro-level decisions in the microfinance sector in South Asia. For that purpose, the data of 409 South Asian MFIs combined with the macroeconomic variables of respective countries are used over the period 1999–2017. The empirical analysis uses a fixed-effect model (FEM) to analyse the unbalance panel data of microfinance institutions and macroeconomic variables. We employ two-stage least squares (2SLS) model for robustness and System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to address the potential endogeneity and over-identification bias. The results reveal that economic indicators such as foreign investment, human development, inflation, interest rate, private credit, and labour force participation have negatively influenced financial sustainability except for the GDP growth. The overall economic results seem imperative from the good-governance perspective of MFIs. Besides, the government and microfinance policymakers need to give due consideration to the macro-level economic decisions to achieve the financial sustainability of MFIs. JEL Classification: A12, G21, G28, O1, Q01

The present study is an attempt to provide new evidence on the long-run effects of global warming (via greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), economic development (GDP growth rate), and forest area on the life expectancy by undertaking the annual time-series data of Pakistan during 1990 – 2016. The study employs the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen co-integration, and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to estimate the long-run effects, whereas, for robustness, this study employed the Least Squares Method (LSM) and Robust Least Squares Method (ROBUSTLS). In addition to this, the study undertakes the Granger causality test to predict the causality among the study variables. The outcomes of the GLM estimations provide the negative association of the total greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and forest area, and positive association of methane and nitrous oxide emissions with life expectancy. Further, Granger causality results provide the presence of bidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and life expectancy and a unidirectional causality running from life expectancy to greenhouse gas emissions, methane emissions, and GDP. Based on the findings, the authors suggest controlling greenhouse gas emissions, including methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and focusing on the health sector to improve the life expectancy in Pakistan.