A cyclic voltammetric method based on a β-cyclodextrine doped poly(2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for the determination of levodopa. Compared with bare GCE and poly(2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid)/GCE, the poly(2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid)-β-cyclodextrine/GCE exhibits a remarkable shift of the oxidation potentials of levodopa in the cathodic direction and a drastic enhancement of the anodic current response. The incorporation of β-cyclodextrine into the polymer film exhibited that the electrode provides more stable and sensitive current responses for levodopa. Levodopa exhibited a single broad peak at about 0⋅6 V at bare GCE. However, at the β-cyclodextrine doped poly(2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid)/GCE, a well-defined redox wave of levodopa was obtained, with the oxidation and the reduction peak potential at 0⋅193 and 0⋅164 V, respectively. The separation of peak potentials was 29 mV. The linear current response was obtained in the range of 1⋅0 × 10 -6 ~ 2⋅0 × 10 -4 M with a detection limit of 4⋅18 × 10 -7 M for levodopa, The poly(2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid)-β-cyclodextrine/GCE was also effective to simultaneously detect levodopa and ascorbic acid. The modified electrode has been successfully applied for the determination of levodopa in pharmaceuticals. The poly(2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid)-β-cyclodextrine/GCE showed excellent stability and reproducibility.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of protected cultivation on the earliness, yield, and fruit quality characteristics of some low chill peach-nectarine cultivars grown in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Phenological observations, yield parameters, and fruit quality characteristics were investigated. The chilling durations as CH (chilling hours), CU (chilling unit) and heat accumulations were determined. 'Astoria' cultivar reached the highest cumulative yield as 29.11 kg/tree and 38.72 t/ha, and fruit size was 131.89 g and 61.74 mm in protected cultivation. The CH and CU values under protected cultivation were 28% and 40% lower than in open area cultivation. The heat accumulation was 30% higher for GDH30 in the protected. The results of this study revealed that low-chill-peach-nectarine cultivars grown in protected cultivation showed variable earliness, yield and fruit quality depending on chilling duration and heat accumulation.

Among the wastewater treatments, the advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one of the most popular techniques, due to its advantages in comparison with the other conventional physical and chemical processes. It is well known that photocatalysis is the most well-organized and appealing method for the degradation of organic toxins utilizing nano-sized semiconducting matter in the existence of solar radiation. There are many operational parameters that highly impact the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysis. Therefore, in this study, the influences of the operational parameters like pH and concentration of methylene blue (MB) on the photodegradation of the MB were investigated. It was observed that variation in the pH values of the dye solution led to an important change in the photocatalytic efficiency of the MB, especially at pH value 11. On the other hand, it is found that with decreased MB concentration the degradation time was reduced. These outcomes are very important for removing organic dyes with relatively inexpensive routes.