Fungal infections have emerged as an important cause of late-onset neonatal sepsis in the last two decades. Neonates represent a unique and highly vulnerable patient population. Advances in medical technology have improved the survival and quality of life of newborns, especially those who are extremely premature or with congenital defects. In addition, immunological immaturity and altered skin barrier play some role in the vulnerability of newborns to nosocomial infections. Our objective to determine the epidemiology and clinicopathological features of fungal sepsis in neonates, the organisms involved, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, involved in the causation of fungal sepsis. Especially in the Indian population Epidemiological data on fungal sepsis in newborns are limited.

This study is based on urine culture and sensitivity of the samples collected from the suspected cases of urinary tract infection visiting the outdoor of MGM Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur. The isolates are subjected to biochemical identication and susceptibility testing and the result is correlated with microscopic ndings. This data can be used to determine the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection and study the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of the isolated bacteria. In this study 309 urine samples were collected over a period of 6 months and culture sensitivity was performed using conventional methods. 44.6% of the urine samples showed growth. The predominant isolate was Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Septicemia in neonates refers to generalized bacterial infection documented by positive blood culture in the rst four weeks of life and is one of the four leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. Although it is a global problem in developing countries is enormous because of the lack of clear guidelines for organizing the condition, the lack of standard laboratory procedures, and the impulsiveness of the physician to switch to antibiotics for any minor deterioration. The source of infection in the baby can be from the mother called early-onset sepsis or from the community or hospital called late-onset sepsis. Appropriate identication and knowledge of the causative microorganism can help in deciding the correct antibiotic and causative microorganisms in one area or hospital will be different from another area and therefore it is prudent to try to identify the disease-causing organism. Treatment requires well judged use of antibiotics with appropriate dosage and duration along with proper choice of antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics should be discouraged because of the risk of complications and resistance development