Dengue is an arthropod borne viral disease which has a huge impact on human health as well as the global and national economies. It is widespread throughout the tropics, with local variations in risk influenced by rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, and unplanned rapid urbanization [1]. A total of 390 million dengue virus infections occur per year of which 96 million manifests clinically with varying severity [2]. A study on the prevalence of dengue estimates that 3.9 billion people are at risk of infection with dengue viruses. Despite a risk of infection existing in 129 countries [3], 70% of the actual burden is in Asia [2]. In 2020, dengue continues to affect several countries, with reports of increase in the numbers of cases in number of countries including India. Bhatt et al. showed a discrepancy between reported and modeled dengue incidence, which was particularly high for India. According to their estimates, India contributed 34 of 96 million apparent global dengue infections, a number which stands in stark contrast to the 12,484 reported cases from India to the World Health Organization (WHO) in the same year. Such a mismatch was also reported for India in another study, in which the actual numbers of dengue cases were 282 times the number reported by the national vector-borne disease control program [4].Dengue is a systemic and dynamic disease. After the incubation period, the illness begins abruptly and is followed by the three phases; febrile, critical, and recovery phase [5]. The WHO classifies dengue into two major categories: Dengue (with/ without warning signs) and severe dengue. This subclassification

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BACKGROUND Malaria is one of the most important parasitic infections human beings have ever known. Malaria is endemic in 91 countries with about 40% of world's population at risk of acquiring the infection. Severe malaria is a medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization and needs prompt treatment at the earliest. Transitory changes in the plasma levels of lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides have been observed and are related to the severity of malaria. The objectives of the study are-1. to find out incidence of lipid abnormalities in malaria, pyrexia other than malaria and controls. 2. to collect a detailed lipid profile in malaria with objective of noting its abnormalities and correlation if any with clinical severity and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is a prospective study done in the department of medicine SVS medical college, Mahbubnagar. A total of 100 Malaria positive cases, 50 cases of Pyrexia other than malaria cases, 50 healthy controls were included. All information pertaining to history, clinical examination, complications, relevant investigations, treatment modalities were noted, analysed and tabulated; especially with reference to lipid profile. Appropriate statistical methods were used to find the statistically significant observations. RESULTS Out of 100 cases there were 59 males (59%), and 41 females (41%).The mean age of entire study group was 37.48. The most common clinical presentation was fever (100%), followed by nausea and vomiting. The most common clinical signs were pallor (42%), splenomegaly (46%), hepatomegaly (44%) and CNS manifestations (16%).Thrombocytopenia (78%) and anaemia (42%) were the most common haematological findings. At presentation, the total cholesterol (mean total cholesterol 106.92mg/dl) and HDL (mean HDL20.31) were significantly reduced. Though LDL (mean LDL 57.71) and VLDL (mean VLDL 28.96 mg/dl) were also reduced, statistically significant difference was not observed. There was no significant change in triglyceride levels CONCLUSION All patients with severe malaria were found to be associated with lipid abnormalities especially of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels and values revert to normal once parasitaemia is cleared. This finding suggests the importance of estimating the lipid abnormalities as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in severe malaria cases.

BACKGROUND Seizures in paediatric population is one of the most common health problems associated with diverse aetiological agents. aetiological spectrum varies from country to country. In India intracranial infections continue to be the most important cause for childhood seizures The objectives of the study are-1) To study the aetiological factors, age, sex distribution and clinical profile of seizures for new onset seizures in children aged 3-12 years. 2) To assess the role of EEG and Neuroimaging in children with new onset seizures. 3) To know the response to treatment and follow up in children with seizures. MATERIALS AND METHODS All children in preschool and school age group (children aged 3-12 years) presenting with new onset seizures were included. Data regarding their name, age, sex, address, type of seizures (according to international classification of epileptic seizures), past history of seizures, contact with tuberculosis, drug history, development history, family history were collected in a preformed proforma. Relevant investigations were done including blood investigations, radiological imaging, CSF analysis, EEG etc to identify the aetiological factors. Appropriate treatment was given to the patients and the cases were followed up for one year post treatment. RESULTS A total of 98 children formed the study group. Out of them 65 showed generalized seizures and 33 partial seizures. The mean age group at which generalized seizure occurred was 6.8 years. Only 13.3% of children had family history of seizure. Intracranial infections including granulomata were found to be leading cause of childhood convulsions (73%). Neurotuberculosis still occupied the top chair followed by neurocysticercosis. Generalised tonic clonic seizures were most common presentation (43.8%). Complex partial seizures (60.6%) were more common than simple partial seizures. (33.3%).EEG abnormality was observed in 80.65% of the subjects, 22% had focal EEG changes, 36(59%) children had generalized EEG changes. Death occurred in 4 cases. CONCLUSION Generalised seizures were more commonly identified presentation than partial seizures in preschool and school age group. Intracranial infections were the leading cause of new onset seizures. Neurocysticercosis followed by tuberculoma were the common causes for partial seizures. CT/MRI and EEG were more likely to be informative in partial seizures than in generalised seizures.