, during the growing season of 2017, to study the effect of sowing date on some growth parameters and yield of chickpea. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates was used, sowing dates (January 20, February 9, March 1, and March 21), and two cultivars of chickpea (Rafidain and Gab) were implemented. Sowing at January, 20 produced the highest plant height (43.0 cm), leaf area (797.83 cm 2), leaf area index (2.66), dry matter (38.06 g m-2), crop growth rate (7.90 g m-2 day-1), number of primary branches plant-1 (3.55), number of pod plant-1 (21.60) and seed yield (2.160 t ha-1). On the contrary sowing at March, 21 recorded the lowest of all above studied characteristics, also Gab cultivar surpassed the Rafidain cultivar in all characteristics studied except no. of seeds plant-1 and 100-seed weight. From interaction sowing date with cultivars recorded the highest of all characteristics studied at sowing date January, 20 with Gab cultivars as well as Rafidain cultivar recorded the lowest of all studied characteristics at sowing date March, 21. There was positive highly significant correlation(r= 0.869) between seed yield and their components; no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1 and 100seed weight (r= 0.869, r= 0,810 and r= 0.706) respectively.

A field study was conducted at Grdarasha Research Station of the College of Agriculture/Salahaddin University, Erbil, during growing winter season of 2017, to study the effect of plant spacing on some yield and quality of chickpea varieties. The factorial experiment was applied in "Randomized Complete Block Design" (RCBD), in three replicates, by using four plant spacing (6, 9, 12 and 15 cm), and three varieties of chickpea (Rafedain, Gab and TH85) were implemented. The 15 cm plant spacing produced the highest number of primary branches per plant (4.34), number of pods per plant (15.44), seed yield (1124.33 kg/ha), protein percentage (23.12), protein yield (247.19 kg/ha), and oil percentage (11.81). On the contrary, the 6 cm plant spacing recorded the highest value of carbohydrate percentage (60.91); also, Gab variety exceeds Rafedain and TH85 varieties in number of primary branch per plant (4.07), number of pods per plant (11.71), seed yield (1120.91 kg/ha), protein percentage (22.25), and protein yield (250.26 kg/ha), but the TH85 gave the optimum oil percentage (11.14) and carbohydrate percentage (59.84). From the interaction of plant spacing with varieties, the highest rate was recorded at 15 cm plant spacing with Gab variety seed yield (1192.85 kg/ha) and protein yield (297.16 kg/ha). There was a positive and negative correlation between yield and number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod (r = 0.673 and 0.689) and between carbohydrate percentage with protein and oil percentages (r = −0.777 and −0.658), respectively.

A factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates, including three seeding rates (200,250, and300seeds.m-2), and three grain size grades of Admiral variety of triticale whole (ungraded), thousand seed weight (TSW) 47.32g, heavy seeds 54.04g and light seeds 40.18g; for two successive growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The results revealed that spike length resembled number of spikelets per spike, grain density and number of grain per spike as seeding rate 200 with whole seeds attained highest value. Great differences between the two seasons were obvious, which was attributed to shortage in rainfall in the second season(407.1mm and 165.4mm). The interaction of seeding rate 200 with heavy size seeds resulted in maximum biological yield (6233 kg.ha-1). The interaction of target seed rate 200 with heavy seeds resulted in maximum grain yield(2895 kg.ha-1). Harvest index was highest value for interaction of seed rate 300 with light seed size which was(4.8). Thousand kernels weight give superior weight for the interaction of rate 200 seeds with heavy grade size(52.02g), the second season was clearly obvious as heavy grade resulted in heavier seeds significantly(14.88g) although it was very small atrophic seeds due to shortage of rainfall. Protein content as percentage was significantly affected by seeding rate, seed grade and their interaction for the first season protein% at 200 seeding rate surpassed other rates(12.04%). Seed grade of whole ungraded seeds resulted in higher protein(12.25%). With respect of the interaction, the highest values was (13.03%) for whole seeds with target rate 200 seeds.m-2.