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A systematic approach of repeat procedures with a CB-2 using a different balloon size than during the index CB ablation is safe, with acceptable 1-year outcomes. Future comparative studies on the optimal redo technique and approach are warranted to further improve rhythm control in AF.

Background The surgeons' estimate of the extent of resection (EOR) shows little accuracy in previous literature. Considering the developments in surgical techniques of glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, we hypothesize an improvement in this estimation. This study aims to compare the EOR estimated by the neurosurgeon with the EOR determined using volumetric analysis on the postoperative MR scan. Methods Pre-and post-operative tumor volumes were calculated through semi-automatic volumetric assessment by three observers. Interobserver agreement was measured using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A univariate general linear model was used to study the factors influencing the accuracy of estimation of resection percentage. Results ICC was high for all three measurements: pre-operative tumor volume was 0.980 (0.969-0.987), post-operative tumor volume 0.974 (0.961-0.984), and EOR 0.947 (0.917-0.967). Estimation of EOR by the surgeon showed moderate accuracy and agreement. Multivariable analysis showed a statistically significant effect of operating neurosurgeon (p = 0.01), use of fluorescence (p < 0.001), and resection percentage (p < 0.001) on the accuracy of the EOR estimation. Conclusion All measurements through semi-automatic volumetric analysis show a high interobserver agreement, suggesting this to be a reliable assessment of EOR. We found a moderate reliability of the surgeons' estimate of EOR. Therefore, (early) postoperative MRI scanning for evaluation of EOR remains paramount.