ABSTRAKBioetanol merupakan salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang strategis untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu substrat yang menjanjikan untuk digunakan adalah molase. Molase merupakan hasil samping industri gula kristal tebu yang masih mengandung gula yaitu sekitar 45-54,6%.Bioetanol dari molase tebu berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena sangat menguntungkan, pasokan cukup besar, tersedianya teknologi proses, serta tidak bersaing dengan pangan. Tulisan ini mengulas hasil-hasil penelitian dan implikasinya tentang bahan baku, proses, lingkungan yang berpengaruh serta strategi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas bioetanol dari molase tebu melalui rekayasa proses fermentasi. Pada pembuatan etanol, fermentasi merupakan proses yang memegang peranan penting. Pengaturan lingkungan fermentasi seperti suhu, pH, dan tekanan berpengaruh terhadap bioproses dalam fermentasi. Begitu pula penambahan bahan suplemen seperti gula, garam, dan ion logam menurut jenis dan konsentrasi yang tepat juga dapat mengoptimalkan proses fermentasi. Selain pengelolaan lingkungan dan penambahan bahan suplemen, strategi untuk peningkatan produktivitas bioetanol dari molase dapat dilakukan dengan: 1) penggunaan mikrobia selain Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 2) pretreatment; dan 3) metode fermentasi kontinyu. Penggunaan mikrobia selain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, seperti Zymomonas mobilis dapat meningkatkan produktivitas etanol hingga 55,8 g/L atau 27,9% dari total gula reduksi.Perlakuan pretreatment dapat meningkatkan produktivitas mikrobia dalam mengkonversi gula menjadi etanol, sedangkan penggunaan metode fermentasi secara kontinyu dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sebesar + 4.75 g/L/jam. Kata kunci : fermentasi, bioetanol, molase, bioproses ABSTRACT Bioethanol is one of strategic alternative fuel to develop. One of substrate that promises to be used is molasses. Molasses is by-product of sugar industry which contain of sugar about 45-54,6%. Bioethanol from sugarcane molase is necessary to develope because it is very profitable, large supply, availability technology, and no-competion to food. This paper was aimed to reviews some research results and their implications on raw materials, processes, advanced environments and strategies to increas bioethanol productivity of molasses through the fermentation process engineering. In the manufacture of ethanol, fermentation is an important holding process. In ethanol production, fermentation plays an important role. Fermentation environments arragement such as temperature, pH, and pressure can effect on bioprocess of fermentation. Similarly, the addition of supplemental ingredients such as sugar, salt, and metal ions by appropriate type and concentration can also optimize the fermentation process. In addition to environmental arrangement and supplemental adding, strategies to improve bioethanol productivity of molasses can be accomplished by 1) the use of microbes other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 2) pretreatment; and 3) continuous fermentation method. The use of microbes other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such ...
<p>Dalam mendukung pencapaian swasembada gula, Pulau Madura menjadi salah satu sasaran lokasi pengembangan tebu. Di Kabupaten Sampang pengembangan usaha tani tebu dimulai sejak tahun 2009. Program ini<br />didukung oleh masuknya perusahaan perkebunan serta bantuan penganggaran dari APBN. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kelayakan secara sosial dan ekonomi serta potensi pengembangan usaha tani tebu ke depan dan untuk mengetahui peluang dari usaha tani tebu ini bagi masyarakat di Pulau Madura secara umum. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai September sampai Desember 2013 di lokasi-lokasi kecamatan pengembangan tebu Kabupaten Sampang. Informasi dikumpulkan dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder dan data primer melalui wawancara dengan individu maupun grup/kelompok masyarakat, dinas/institusi terkait. Data dianalisa menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran kondisi yang dihadapi dan pemecahan dari masalah yang dihadapi di wilayah yang diamati. Analisis aspek usaha tani meliputi data input-output komoditas existing dengan analisis finansial. Untuk melihat kelayakan usaha tani digunakan R/C Ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha tani tebu adalah kepemilikan lahan, insentif rangsangan dana bantuan sosial (Bansos) APBN dan subsidi pengembangan Tebu Madura (Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi), serta kerja sama kemitraaan dengan pabrik gula (PTPN X) yang menawarkan bantuan modal, subsidi saprotan, alat/mesin pertanian, serta jaminan pasar. Kemitraan yang telah ada antara PTPN X dengan petani tebu di Sampang dapat dikategorikan dalam tipe kemitraan subkontrak dan layak diteruskan. Skema yang sudah diterapkan dalam kontrak ini adalah pola kemitraan antara pemerintah daerah, swasta (PTPN X), dan petani tebu. Usaha tani tebu dengan R/C ratio sebesar 1,05 dan 1,68 dan pendapatan bersih Rp1.358.920,00/ha dan Rp14.024.360,00/ha pada usaha tani tebu awal dan tebu kepras I, membuktikan usaha tani tebu di lokasi penelitian sangat layak untuk diusahakan dan menguntungkan. Selain peluang bagi masyarakat memanfaatkan potensi lahan tidur dan sub-optimal untuk pengembangan usaha tani tebu yang memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat di Kabupaten Sampang.</p><p> </p><p>In order to achieve self-sufficient in sugar consumption, the Madura Island became one of the targets of sugar cane development area. In Sampang Regency, the development of sugar cane agribusiness have been started since 2009. This program was supported by the companies as well as financial supported from national budget (APBN). The study aims to determine the feasibility of social and economic as well as the potential<br />for future development of sugar cane farming and to understand the opportunities of the farming for community in Madura Island on the whole. The study was conducted from September to December 2013 at 14 districts of sugar cane developing area in Sampang. Information was collected by using secondary data and primary data through interviews with individual and group/community groups, agencies/institutions concerned. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis to obtain a description of the conditions encountered and the solving of problems encountered in the observed region. The analysis covers aspects of farm commodity input-output data with the existing financial analysis. To look at the feasibility of farming used the R/C ratio. The results of the study showed that some factors which influenced the farmer to plant the cane were: land ownership; the stimuli of incentives from social grants (Bansos) from APBN and subsidy from project<br />development (from Provincial Agricultural office); the cooperation of partners through sugar company (PTPN X) which offered grants, input subsidy, equipments/agriculture machinery as well as market assurance. The partnership among PTPN X and the sugar cane farmers in Sampang was feasible and categorized a subcontract partnership type. Meanwhile, the scheme that had been implemented in this type of contract was the<br />partnership pattern between local government, private (PTPN X) and the sugar cane farmers. The sugar cane farming with R/C ratio of 1.05 and 1.68, or net income recieved of Rp1,358,920/ha and Rp14,024,360/ha at<br />the first harvested and second period harvested, proving that the farming in the study area is feasible to carry on and profitable. In addition, it is the opportunities to develop the potential of the unused and suboptial<br />land for sugar cane agribusiness development that provides economic benefits to the community in Sampang Regency.</p>
<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Pemilihan varietas unggul baru yang beradaptasi pada kondisi <br /> agroekologi kering merupakan langkah yang bijak dalam mendukung <br /> program pengembangan tebu. Karena kebutuhan air tanaman tebu di lahan kering hanya dipenuhi dari hujan, diperlukan strategi untuk tetap mengoptimalkan produksi dengan mengeliminasi cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai dengan November 2012 untuk melakukan pengujian terhadap adaptasi enam varietas unggul tebu yang toleran terhadap lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ngemplak, Pati. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi yang diulang sebanyak lima kali. Juringan (sistem tanam tebu dalam baris) yang digunakan berukuran panjang 8 m dan lebar 10 m, serta jarak pusat ke pusat (pkp) 1 m. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, panjang batang, jumlah dan panjang ruas, diameter batang, bobot batang per meter, persen brix nira, dan rendemen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Kentung dan BL menghasilkan bobot tebu (721,75 g/m dan 749,25 g/m) dengan rendemen masing-masing sebesar 8,54% dan 8,25%. Kedua varietas ini cocok untuk dikembangkan pada kondisi agroekologi lahan kering.</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Saccharum officinarum</em>, uji adaptasi, lahan kering, varietas unggul</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Selection of new superior varieties adapted to dry agroecology was <br /> a wise move to support the development of sugarcane. In general, the land thus fulfilled its water from the rain. Therefore we need a strategy for <br /> optimizing the production of sugarcane by eliminating barriers. In fiscal <br /> year 2012 research activities was carried out to test six varieties of <br /> sugarcane for sugar cane clones tolerant of dry land. Research activities <br /> were located at Ngemplak, Pati. The design used is split plot design <br /> repeated 5 times. Plot size, are 8 m long, 10 m wide and center to center <br /> distance 1 m. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) <br /> followed by LSD 5%. The parameters observed were growth percentage, <br /> plant height, stem lenght, number of segments, segment length, stem <br /> diameter, weight stem per meter, percent brix of sap, and yield of <br /> sugarcane per meter. The results are superior sugarcane varieties, BL and <br /> Kentung varieties produce cane weight 721.75 g / m and 749.25 g / m <br /> showed that respectively; and yield 8.54% and 8.25% the highest respectively. Both varieties are s uitable to be developed in dry land agroecological condition.</p><p>Keywords:<em> Saccharum officinarum</em>, adaptation test, dry land, superior varieties</p>
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