Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection. Lower extremities are commonly involved. A 20-year-old male came with complaints of multiple sinuses on scalp, left eyelid swelling with a sinus and dystopia, since one year. On examination there was relative proptosis in left eye of 2 mm. Computed tomography scan showed soft tissue swelling of the pre-septal area of the left upper eyelid with orbital involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed increased left orbital volume and evident dystopia. Microbiology testing of the erosive scalp and lid lesions showed genus Nocardia, suggestive of actinomycetoma. This case is presented as it shows an unusual involvement of the orbit.

A 78-year-old man with angle closure glaucoma and on treatment with oral anticoagulants, underwent phacoemulsification. An early acute suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) occurred and the surgical wound was rapidly sutured without complete soft lens matter removal, nor insertion of intraocular lens. The SCH was managed conservatively and it resolved in 5 weeks; the intraocular pressure was 35 mm Hg despite maximal medical treatment. Secondary soft lens matter removal followed by intraocular lens implantation combined with XEN45 was then performed. After 7 days the patient developed a potentially “kissing” choroidal touch due to significant delayed SCH. This was treated with surgical drainage. Significant suprachoroidal bleeding can occur after minimally invasive glaucoma procedures. Patients on anticoagulant therapy may require careful monitoring while planning glaucoma surgery.

Optical coherence tomography provides a high-resolution imaging of ocular tissues to improve the diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy by producing reliable, reproducible and objective retinal images especially in diabetic macular edema that can clearly only be detected with OCT. It enhances the ability to exactly diagnose diabetic macular edema, epiretinal membranes, vitreomacular or vitroretinal traction. OCT also helps in visualising morphological changes of the retina in diabetic retinopathy. It demonstrates that macular edema which is a complex clinical entity with various morphology. With the OCT, structural changes and quantitative assessment of macular edema have become feasible as determined with retinal thickness and volume.How to cite this article: Tadwalkar A, Karandikar S, Sharma P. Comparison of central macular thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy.

No abstract

To study the associations of risk factors with the severity of primary open angle glaucoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 98 patients were enrolled in the study as per the inclusion criteria. A complete ophthalmologic examination including a medical history review, best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination and visual field assessment with Carl Zeiss Perimeter was done. Results: 98 patients were studied. The mean age of the patients was 60 ± 10.3 years. There were 49% males and 51% females. Out of the participants, 22% had mild glaucoma, 37% had moderate glaucoma and 41% had severe glaucoma. Age was associated with 56% increase in likelihood of severe glaucoma per decade compared to mild disease. Myopia was seen in 60% of patients from the severe glaucoma group. Hypertension was seen in 49% of the participants. Diabetes was seen in 27%. Family history of 7% was noted. Hypothyroid was seen in 6% of the patients. Conclusion:In out study, we found that advancing age; myopia; hypertension and hypothyroid had a correlation with POAG. However, the association of diabetes with POAG did not have a reliable conclusion.