Two novel bacteria, designated strains Gsoil 634 T and Dae 20 T , were isolated in South Korea from soil of a ginseng field and freshwater sediment, respectively and were characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify their taxonomic positions. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that, although they probably represented two distinct species (indicated by a sequence similarity of 96.6 %), both strain Gsoil 634 T and strain Dae 20 T belonged to the genus Sphingomonas and were most closely related to 'Sphingomonas humi' PB323 (97.8 % and 96.7 % sequence similarity, respectively), Sphingomonas kaistensis PB56 T (96.8 % and 96.7 %), Sphingomonas astaxanthinifaciens TDMA-17 T (96.6 % and 95.4 %) and Sphingomonas jaspsi TDMA-16 T (95.6 % and 95.8 %). For both novel strains, the major ubiquinone was Q-10, the major polyamine was homospermidine, the major cellular fatty acids included summed feature 7 (C 18 : 1 v7c, C 18 : 1 v9t and/or C 18 : 1 v12t), C 17 : 1 v6c and C 16 : 0 , and the polar lipids included sphingoglycolipid. These chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of both strains to the genus Sphingomonas. However, the DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Gsoil 634 T and 'Sphingomonas humi' PB323 T was 31 %. Moreover, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strains Gsoil 634 T and Dae 20 T from established members of the genus Sphingomonas. Based on these data, the two isolates represent two novel species in the genus Sphingomonas, for which the names Sphingomonas ginsengisoli sp. nov. (type strain Gsoil 634 T 5KCTC 12630 T 5DSM 18094 T 5LMG 23739 T ) and Sphingomonas sediminicola sp. nov. (type strain Dae 20 T 5KCTC 12629 T 5DSM 18106 T 5LMG 23592 T ) are proposed.The genus Sphingomonas was created by Yabuuchi et al. In this study, we report on the taxonomic characterization of two Sphingomonas-like bacterial strains.Two novel bacteria, designated strains Gsoil 634 T and Dae 20 T , were isolated in South Korea: strain Gsoil 634 T from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province, and strain Dae 20 T from freshwater sediment flowed from Daecheong dam, near Daejeon city. Both novel strains were isolated as described by Liu et al. (2006) on modified R2A agar plates incubated under aerobic conditions. Both strains were routinely cultured on R2A agar at 30 u C and maintained as glycerol (20 %, w/v) suspensions at 270 u C.Genomic DNA was extracted from each novel strain by using a commercial genomic DNA extraction kit (Solgent). PCR-mediated amplification of the 16S rRNA genes and sequencing of the purified PCR products were carried out according to Im et al. (2010). Full sequences of the 16S 3These authors contributed equally to this work.

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The U.S. Navy is studying alternatives for the construction of a new, deepwater wharf at Apra Harbor, Guam, to provide a berthing site for transient nuclear-powered aircraft carriers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, was tasked with predicting the fate of resuspended dredged sediment during dredging operations for this port development. One byproduct of dredging is release of suspended material into the water column. This material temporarily increases turbidity during and after the dredging operation. Another byproduct is the deposition of suspended solids on surrounding coral. The Particle Tracking Model was applied to evaluate exposure of coral to suspended sediment for various dredging alternatives.