Diverticula are frequently seen in the sigmoid, descending, ascending and transverse colons whereas rectal diverticula are extremely rare. The stapled rectal mucosectomy for the treatment of a prolapsed hemorrhoid is less painful and has lower morbidity; therefore, it has been commonly used despite possible complications. This paper reports a case of a rectal diverticulum that developed after a procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids (PPH). A 42-year-old man with a history of hemorrhoidectomies came to the hospital because of constipation. On sigmoidoscopy, a 2-cm-sized, feces-filled pocket was located just above the anorectal junction. After removal of the fecal material, a huge rectal diverticulum (-4 cm in diameter) was seen. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of rectal diverticulum outpouching through the muscular layer of the intestine in a left posterolateral direction. The patient was discharged without complication after a transanal diverticulectomy had been performed, and the direct rectal wall had been repaired.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is defined by lower urinary tract symptoms that include dysuria, hematuria, and hemorrhage and is caused by viral or bacterial infection or chemotherapeutic agents. Reports of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS) are extremely rare.We report a case of a 41-year-old man with hemorrhagic cystitis from NTS that caused massive bleeding and shock. The patient was hospitalized for uncontrolled diabetes and obstructive uropathy related to severe cystitis. A urine culture was positive for group D NTS. This case demonstrated that hemorrhagic cystitis in a patient with a risk factor such as diabetes can be a manifestation of local extra-intestinal NTS infection.

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An esophagobronchial fistula is a life threatening complication of esophageal carcinoma. Although placement of esophageal stents is the preferred treatment for esophagobronchical fistula, experience of stenting at the proximal esophagus is limited due to technical difficulties, patients' discomfort and high risk of complications. We report here a patient with an esophagobronchial fistula at the proximal esophagus who was successfully treated by insertion of a self expandable metal stent and earlobe fixation by a connective tube for preventing stent migration. A 46-year-old man had an inoperable esophageal carcinoma and lung abscess due to esophagobronchial fistula. Our first placement of stent at the proximal esophagus failed because of foreign-body sensations and stent migration to the proximal region. For the second time, treatment adding an earlobe fixation tool for anti-migration to the esophageal stent was successful with no serious procedure-related complications. The stent completely sealed off the fistula in the patient without further aspiration and serious discomfort symptoms. Lung abscess and pneumonia gradually improved. Anti-migration esophageal stents can be effective in preventing stent migration for the treatment of proximal esophagobronchial fistula due to malignancy.

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