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Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which Propionibacterium acnes plays a critical role in its development when it overgrows in the pilosebaceous unit. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of fourteen Mediterranean plant extracts separately and in combinations for the treatment of acne. The methanolic plant extracts were tested against P. acnes by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extracts that showed high antimicrobial activity were studied for their anti-inflammatory effect. They were evaluated for their ability to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12 and the TNF-α release from PBMCs and mTNF-α from mouse splenocytes using ELISA assay. Rosmarinus officinalis was found to exhibit the highest antimicrobial activity amongst all of the tested extracts (MIC 0.5 mg/ml) followed by Origanum syriacum (MIC 1 mg/ml) and Punica granatum (MIC 1.25 mg/ml). 100 and 50 μg/ml of Chrysanthemum coronarium, Origanum syriacum or Inula viscosa extracts showed the most effective inhibition for the cytokine release. Six extracts had shown both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities with apparent dose-dependent responses making them potential agents for the treatment of acne. Two mixtures prepared from the plants with the highest antimicrobial activity had shown synergistic antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.

Introduction: Methanolic extracts of six plants (Arbutus andrachne, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Inula viscosa, Origanum syriacum, Punica granatum, and Rosmarinus officinalis) used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections were evaluated. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of some medicinal plants in lowering the risk of opportunistic infections of the oral cavity caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Extracts were evaluated separately and in a mixture. Methodology: The methanolic plant extracts were tested against three opportunistic microorganisms by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). They were also evaluated for their ability to suppress the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 while not suppressing the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using ELISA. Results: All extracts showed both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, O. syriacum exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity for the three microorganisms among all of the tested extracts (MIC S. aureus: 1 mg/mL; P. aeruginosa: 2 mg/mL; and C. albicans: 1 mg/mL). The extracts inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with apparent dose-dependent responses while they attenuated the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The mixture of O. syriacum and R. officinalis showed an anti-inflammatory effect, with a synergistic antimicrobial effect. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that a diet rich in plants and herbs may contribute to the reduction of inflammation and microbial growth and may also be preventive against various infections, including those related to the oral cavity.

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