Background COVID-19 pandemic led to an alarming rise in sickness absenteeism among the radiologists. Anticipating a continued shortage of experienced radiologists in future COVID waves, it is essential to train the medical professionals in basic skills related to ultrasonography to enable them to perform basic Obstetrics and Gynecology (OG) scans safely in emergencies. Virtual reality simulation training is an alternative to conventional ultrasound training. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during 8-day-long workshop to identify the trainees’ basic, after training knowledge and skills in OG ultrasound and to document their perceptions of the training. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics (percentages and mean standard deviations) and paired t test for comparisons. Results A total of 80 health care professionals underwent ultrasound simulation training. It was found that the post-test score in the knowledge domain, instrument handling, basic gynecological skills, and first-trimester antenatal ultrasound skills in the practical domain was significantly higher than the pre-test score ( P -value < 0.0001). Out of 80 participants, 45 (56.25%) agreed that ultrasound simulation is an ideal method of teaching and training basic OG skills to the novice. Sixty-six out of 80 (82.5%) felt that the principles of handling a human mannequin are the same as those of real patients. Forty-eight participants out of 80 (60.0%) felt that ultrasound simulation can be used as an ideal tool for self-assessment of health care professionals. Conclusion The study showed that ultrasound-based simulation can provide a realistic setting for training and assessment of novices in learning basic skills.

Introduction: Sellar and parasellar/juxtasellar regions are sophisticated areas of the brain, and varied types of tumors can present in this area. Preoperative non-invasive diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for treatment planning. Aim: The aim of this study is to characterize MRI features of the sellar and juxtasellar tumors and to correlate MRI diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis in order to evaluate the efficiency of MRI. Materials and Methods: Patients with sellar and juxtasellar lesions who were operated during September 2017-May 2020 and the pathological reports were compared with the MRI findings retrospectively. Results: 100 patients in total were enrolled for this study. Results were analysed and discussed. Conclusions: The present study revealed a strong correlation between MRI and histopathological diagnosis for sellar and juxtasellar tumors. MRI is the modality of choice to distinguish and describe sellar-suprasellar lesions.

Background and Aim Psoriasis have a direct impact on development of cardiovascular risk factors leading to atherosclerosis and metabolic abnormalities. In order to prevent the complications, early and prompt identification of factors through various parameters help in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among these psoriatic patients. Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of various determinants for cardiovascular diseases among cases and controls. Methods A hospital based case control study at a tertiary care hospital included women from the out patient department, aged above 18 years who were known cases of psoriasis. 114 patients were recruited with 1:1 ratio between cases and controls. All patients were evaluated using semi structured interview schedule with socio demographic variables, duration of disease, family history, and usage of drugs. Severity of disease was assessed through the psoriasis area severity index (PASI). Body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure measurement were done using standard methods. Lipid profile, high sensitivity C-Reactive protein (HsCRP) and blood sugar through calibrated analyzers having quality control. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was assessed by using carotid Doppler technique to measure atherosclerosis. Results One hundred fourteen patients, means 57 pairs of cases and controls were analyzed in this study. Significant determinants among cases were raised such as waist circumference (p = 0.025), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0001), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.002) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.004) when compared to controls. HsCRP and CIMT were also raised among cases but only CIMT was statistically significant when compared to controls (p = 0.0001). We also found raised determinants among psoriatic arthritis patients compared to psoriasis. Conclusion Psoriasis patients had high waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, and CIMT when compared to controls. Early identification of these determinants make them amenable for prevention.

Background Association of type-2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is a well-known fact. The measurement of associated risk factors among diabetics gives a better idea for further management and prevention of complications, especially among those with high risk. Objectives The objective of our study was to compare the cardiovascular risk profile and estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk using the World Health Organization (WHO) risk chart among diabetic patients as per their gender. Methods Hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among type 2 diabetic patients attending our tertiary care hospital using a semi-structured questionnaire based on WHO-STEPwise approach to surveillance questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic variables, personal habits, and lifestyle (physical and biochemical measurements). Carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) was assessed through ultrasonography. Ten-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment was also done using WHO/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) charts. Results One hundred and thirteen male and 144 female subjects were included in the study. On comparison of cardiovascular risk factors, a statistically significant difference among males and females was found in tobacco and alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). CIMT measurements revealed statistically significant differences, with males being significantly at higher risk. A 10-year CVD risk assessment revealed higher risk among males and was statistically significant. It was found that a significant association between increased 10-year CVD risk and HbA1c, HDL, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and CIMT existed. Conclusions Comparison within gender among diabetic patients revealed that the cardiovascular risk factors were statistically higher among males as per 10-year risk assessment using the WHO/ISH chart.